Review of Step 1: Transcription

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Presentation transcript:

Review of Step 1: Transcription Problem: DNA has information about how to make proteins in the nucleus, but the protein making workshop is outside at the ribosomes! Solution: A messenger (mRNA) copy is created and can leave the nucleus with the information! Remember our base pairing rules: A—U, G—C Start with: DNA End with: mRNA

Protein (amino acid chain) WHAT is translation? Translation: mRNA is translated into protein, which is a chain of amino acids mRNA Protein (amino acid chain)

WHY do we do translation? Making proteins is the MAIN job of the cell. Cells are like protein making factories. Proteins make up your physical characteristics.

WHERE does translation happen? CYTOPLASM ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM @ the RIBOSOME

HOW does translation happen? Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid

HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation? Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid 2. tRNA helps the ribosome by picking up the correct amino acid (20 choices)

HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation? 1. Ribosome reads the mRNA strand’s codons Codons = 3 bases on the mRNA strand which code for 1 amino acid 2. tRNA helps the ribosome by picking up the correct amino acid (20 choices) 3. The amino acid chain grows as successive amino acids are added by tRNA

HOW is mRNA converted into proteins during translation? 3. The amino acid chain grows as successive amino acids are added by tRNA 4. When the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA strand, it releases the amino acid chain which folds together to make a working protein!