1. Transcription
Creation of RNA (ribose nucleic acid)

2. Differences between DNA and RNA
Deoxyribose (without oxygen)
Ribose
Double stranded
Single stranded
Thymine – adenine
Uracil – adenine

3. Main Points Only transcribe 1 section of DNA at a time
Small segments (depends on cells/bodies needs)
Replace T with U
3 types of RNA
mRNA: messenger RNA  makes proteins
tRNA: transfer RNA brings amino acid to ribosome
rRNA: ribosomal RNA  makes up ribosomes

4. Nucleus A T T G C C A A G C A U U G C C U U G C G T A A C G G T T C G
DNA strand already transcribed is re-zipping
Open segment of DNA  opened by enzyme
A T T G C C A A G C A U U G C C U U G C G
T A A C G G T T C G C U A
Growing strand of mRNA
DNA stranded opening for transcription
Nucleus

5. Translation Reading of mRNA to make proteins for cell use
Occurs in the cytoplasm with ribosomes

6. Nucleus Cytoplasm mRNA A U G C C A U U C G A U A G C U A A
Step 1: mRNA moves into the cytoplasm to find Ribosome
mRNA
A U G C C A U U C G A U A G C U A A
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

7. Translation Ribosome attaches to start of mRNA (AUG)
Bases are read in three’s (triplet codon)  codes for 1 amino acid
Ribosome reads triplet condon  sends signal for correct tRNA (anti-codon that matches triplet codon)  tRNA brings the correct amino acid
As ribosome moves down mRNA, each new tRNA accepts growing protein (polypeptide chain)
Upon reading STOP codon, ribosome releases mRNA and protein
mRNA may be read again or thrown away
Protein moves onto its job

8. Cytoplasm ribosome Moves along mRNA until hits STOP codon
tRNA leaves when it has transferred the protein chain to the next tRNA
ribosome
Moves along mRNA until hits STOP codon
Growing protein chain
tRNA
Ribosome attaches to first codon
Anti-codon A A G C U A
A U G C C A U U C G A U A G C U A A
Upon hitting STOP codon, ribosome breaks apart and protein is released
Triplet codon: codes for 1 amino acid
1 mRNA can make multiple copies of a protein