1. Protein Synthesis- What really happens inside the cell…

2. Proteins ________________________ (enzymes in chemical reactions)
Make up the majority of cell structures (organelles,
muscles, skin)
Control cell activities

3. 2. Proteins are made up of smaller subunits called ___________________
Amino acids
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid

4. Transcription (Step 1): Simplified as DNA mRNA4

5. Where does Transcription Happen?

6. What happens? 1. Gene portion of DNA unzipped and
one strand used to rewrite DNA
instructions into mRNA molecule
2. mRNA leaves the nucleus to find a
ribosome
3. The DNA zips back up and is
unchanged

8. What does transcription make?
mRNA

10. Sequence 1 – Human Insulin gene sequence
Transcribe each of these 2 sequence of DNA into mRNA (Remember A-U, T-A, G=C)
Sequence 1 – Human Insulin gene sequence
DNA: C C A T A G C A C G T T A C A A C G T G A A G G T A A
mRNA:
Sequence 2 – Cow Insulin gene sequence
DNA: C C G T A G C A T G T T A C A A C G C G A A G G C A C G G U A U C

11. Translation (Step 2): Simplified as mRNA Protein

12. AUGCACAGAUCAAUUAGAUAA How many codons are there? _____
Key term- Codon
A codon is every 3 bases in mRNA = 1 amino acid andthe the monkey said cheese
AUGCACAGAUCAAUUAGAUAA
How many codons are there? _____
How many amino acids will it code for? ______
mRNA
Amino Acid
Amino Acid

13. Where does translation happen?
Translation takes place on a ribosome in the cytoplasm

14. What happens?
1. The mRNA attaches to and is pulled through a ribosome 2. Each mRNA codon is read by both the ribosome and tRNA 3. tRNA brings/drops off the correct amino acids by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon 4. The amino acids connect together in a chain to form a specific protein

16. What does translaiton make?
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
Amino Acid
A PROTEIN!!!