1. Transcription

2. RNA vs. DNA DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA
Single stranded
Ribose sugar
Bases: C,G,A,U
Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.

3. Transcription and Translation:
makes
Translation
makes

5. Transcription
RNA forms base pairs with DNA
C-G
A-U

6. Major players in transcription
mRNA-
Messenger RNA
type of RNA that codes information to make proteins
carries proteins to a ribosome from the nucleus

8. Transcription is done…what now?
Now we have mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA.
It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin.

9. TRANSCRIPTION
ACGATACCCTGA
DNA Sequence:
mRNA Sequence
UGC
UAU
GGG
ACU

12. Translation
Purpose is to make proteins (protein synthesis) from mRNA.

13. Protein Synthesis Overview
Two processes are required:
1. Transcription: DNA > mRNA
2. Translation: mRNA > protein

15. What is Translation? mRNA is on a ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

16. Reading the DNA code
Every group of 3 mRNA bases makes a single amino acid
Codon- triplet (3) of mRNA bases

17. The Genetic Code

18. ACGATACCCTGACGA

19. Transcription vs. Translation Review
genetic information in DNA is copied onto mRNA
Occurs in the nucleus
DNA mRNA
Translation
information in mRNA is used to make a protein at a ribosome
Occurs on a Ribosome
mRNA protein

20. 3 Types of RNA: Messenger RNA: Transfer RNA: Ribosomal RNA:
(mRNA) carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome
Transfer RNA:
(tRNA) picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome
Ribosomal RNA:
(rRNA)found in ribosome, joins mRNA and tRNA; forms protein