Theories of Development Lap 5

Psychology Goals Behavioral Theories- Describe behavior Stress and Abnormal- Explain and Predict behavior Learning Theories- Control behavior Psychodynamic Theories- Describe and Explain behavior Development Theories- Describe and Explain behavior

Development describes the growth of humans throughout the lifespan. Developmental theories provide a set of guiding principles and concepts that describe and explain human development.

Newborns

Innate Capacities of Newborns Physical skills: Eat, Poop, Sleep! Sensory Motor Skills: Grasping/ Rooting/ Sucking reflexes Cognitive Skills: See/ Hear/ Smell Respond to environment/ recognize face+ voices

Infants

Infants Sensory- Motor: Language Development: (ex from homework: Babble and monosyllabic sounds

Toddler http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5e8zER9AJmc

Toddlers Language Development: ~2 years- words ~2-3+ years- telegraphic (2+ word sentences)

Childhood http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rIUHWZrBSSs

Preschool/ Grade School Video:

Cognitive Psych Behavior is the result of internal thought processes- learning, thinking, language, and reasoning It also looks at how these thought processes influence how we understand and interact with the world. Response to environment- processing info/ stimuli Methods: Use the laboratory experiment to study behavior Observational studies and tests to reveal different abilities

Jean Piaget 1st systematic study of cognitive development Child development Children think differently than adults; not just less competent than adults Steps and sequence of children's intellectual development Always follows this sequence; stages cannot be skipped Each stage is marked by new intellectual abilities and a more complex understanding of the world

Components to Piaget’s Theory of Dev’t A. Schemas Building blocks of knowledge, mental representations of the world… not tabula rasa! B. Process of Adaptation Equilibrium, Association, and Accommodation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-A9SgbAK5I C. Stages Sensorimotor (0-2) Preoperational (3-6) Concrete operational (6-12) Formal operational (11+)

The Sensorimotor Stage Knowledge through senses and motor abilites Reflexes and repetition Object permanence Possible uses Imitation Circular reactions provide newborns with a special means of adapting their first schemes. It involves stumbling onto a new experience caused by the baby’s motor activity. The reaction is circular because the infant tries to repeat the event again and again. As a result, the accidental response becomes strengthened into a new scheme.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRF27F2bn-A Piaget’s Stages of Development, 1 and 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw33CBsEmR4 Piaget: How a child thinks http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_13507&feature=iv&src_vid=l1hElrWb72M&v=ue8y-JVhjS0 Piaget- Stage 1 Object Permanence

Pre-operational Stage Knowledge represented by language and symbols Not yet reason or measure Egocentricism View from their own perspective

Concrete Operational Stage Reason logically Conservation Considers other points of view http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gnArvcWaH6I Piaget’s Stages of Development: conversion tasks http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MYI_kIFyMd4 Piaget’s stages- homemade

Formal Operational Stage Can think deeply and abstractly Can hypothesize about different outcomes

Newborns