Unit 2: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Biology Unit 2: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

BIG IDEAS Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Plants and animals, including humans, are made of specialized cells, tissues, and organs that are organized into systems Also, there have been developments in medicine and medical technology that have social and ethical implications for the world as we know it http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/animal_cells.htm

LOOKING AHEAD UNIT B Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things CHAPTER 1 Cells, Cell Division And Cell Specialization CHAPTER 2 Plant Systems CHAPTER 3 Animal Systems

CELLS, CELL DIVISION, AND CELL SPECIALIZATION KEY QUESTION: How and why do cells divide? Key Concepts All organisms are made up of one or more cells. Microscopes enable us to examine cells in detail. The cell cycle occurs in distinct stages. Cell division is important for growth, repair, and reproduction. Cancer cells generally divide more rapidly than normal cells. Medical imaging technologies are important in diagnosing and treating disease.

Learning Goals For students to learn more about: Cell theory Cell specialization Differences between eukaryotes / prokaryotes Differences between animal and plant cells and recognize these differences

Introduction Before microscopes were invented, people had very little knowledge of the microscopic world This included things like food born illnesses, microorganisms, and cells!

Introduction All living organisms are composed of cells. A cell is a small, membrane-bound compartment that contains all the chemicals and molecules that help support an organism's life. As more advances in technology occurred in the 1800s, we were able to learn more about cells and their behaviours – thus led to the “Cell Theory”

Cell Theory Biology is a science, and is based on the cell theory The cell theory states that: All living things are made up of cells. The cell is the simplest unit that can carry out all life processes. All cells are reproduced from other cells.

Cell Theory https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4OpBylwH9DU (6) http://www.ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-2-cells/21-cell-theory.html

Introduction Cells can be thought of as building blocks of organisms. Some organisms are composed of a single cell, aka unicellular organisms Other organisms, like Humans, are made up of millions of cells They are said to be multicellular organisms These millions of cells work together to perform many complex functions, and make us different from other multicellular organisms alike

PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES All living things are made up of cells. Cells can be very simple or very complex. The simplest life forms are called prokaryotes These single-celled life forms have no nucleus. A bacterium is an example of a prokaryote.

PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES More complex organisms are called eukaryotes Eukaryotes may be single-celled or multi-celled organisms with a nucleus Plants and animals are examples of eukaryotes. Eukaryote cells are much larger than prokaryote cells, often 10 x to 1000x larger There are also more organelles found in eukaryotes YOU are an example of a eukaryotes

FUNCTION & STRUCTURE OF CELLS All cells have to perform certain basic activities to stay alive. These activities are performed by organelles Each organelle has a specific function within the cell As Organelles work together to meet the life needs of the cell Plant and animal cells have many structures in common. However, plant cells have some organelles that animal cells do not.

Plant and Animal Cells

Understanding Parts of a Cell Please complete the worksheets provided on parts of an Animal and Plant Cell You are also required to complete the Venn Diagram comparing the different types of cells

Understanding Organelles Plant and Animal Cells in Detail

Organelles in Animal Cells

Organelles in Animal Cells Name of Organelle Function Cell Membrane The thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell. The cell membrane is semipermeable, allowing some substances to pass into the cell and blocking others. Centrosome A small body located near the nucleus - it is where microtubules are made. During mitosis, the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. Cytoplasm The jellylike material outside the cell nucleus in which the organelles are located. Lysosome (AKA vesicles) Are round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes. This is where the digestion of cell nutrients takes place Vacuole Fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell

Organelles in Animal Cells Name of Organelle Function Golgi Body (aka Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex) Is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. Mitochondria Is the POWERHOUSE of the cell Spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane. The mitochondrion converts the energy stored in glucose into ATP (Energy) for the cell Nucleus Brain of the cell Controls many functions of the cell Cellular DNA is found in here The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane.

Organelles in Animal Cells Name of Organelle Function Nuclear Membrane Is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nucleolus An organelle within the nucleus Some cells have more than one nucleolus. Ribosomes Small organelles that help make PROTEINS Found on Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (AKA Rough ER) Is a large system of interconnected, membranous, folded upon itself transports materials through the cell and produces proteins Called “Rough” because ribosomes are found on them Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (AKA Smooth ER) Another Large interconnected unit that buds off from rough ER, moving the newly-made proteins and lipids to the Golgi body, lysosomes, and membranes It contains enzymes and produces and digests fats and membrane proteins;

Organelles in Plant Cells

Organelles in Plant Cells Name of Organelle Function Chlorophyll A molecule that can use light energy from sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide gas into sugar and oxygen through photosynthesis Chlorophyll is green Chloroplast An elongated or disc-shaped organelle containing chlorophyll. Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts. Cell Wall a thick, rigid membrane that surrounds a plant cell. This layer of cellulose (starch) gives the cell most of its support and structure. The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant. All others found in Animal Cells, except centrioles

Plant and Animal Cells

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells

Bill Nye: Cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJNej_UDBug