1. The Cell Theory

2. A Basic Unit… The simple “unit” of living things is the cell
Living things (organisms) can be a single cell (unicellular) or made up of many cells (multicellular)

3. What are Cells?
The Cell Theory is based on THREE important principles:
All living things are made up of 1 or more cells
All new cells come from pre-existing cells
The cell is the basic unit of life

4. What’s Inside a Cell?
Think of a cell as a “blob” with many special structures inside it. Plant and animal cells have very special internal structures that carry out different jobs for the cell. These structures are called organelles. Let’s take a look inside…

6. What are these special cell “parts”
Plasma/Cell Membrane (#7)
Protects the cell
Allows materials to move in or out
Cytoplasm (#11)
Thick, jellylike fluid
Supports cell organelles

7. Nucleus (#2)
Contains DNA (genetic information)
Controls all cell functions
Nucleolus (#1)
Small structures inside nucleus
Produces rRNA (needed to make ribosomes)… more on these soon!

8. Vacuole or Vesicle (#10)
Small “bubble” inside cell
Contains food or waste
Centrioles (#13)
Help with cell division

9. Mitochondria (#9)
Uses glucose (sugar) and oxygen
Produces energy for the cell
Ribosomes (#3)
Small, dense granules
Produce proteins for the cell
Can be found floating in the cytoplasm OR attached to…

10. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (#5)
Makes proteins for the cell to use
Transports these to the Golgi Apparatus
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (#8)
Makes fats for the cell to use

11. Golgi Apparatus (#6)
Packages and transports materials out of the cell
Forms vesicles
Also forms lysosomes… which are…
Lysosome (#12)
Contain special chemicals (enzymes) for breaking down materials
Will join with a food vacuole

12. Plant Cells are Unique Because the have…
Chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
A large central water vacuole
A cell wall in addition to the cell membrane

13. A cell wall…
Is a rigid structure
Keeps the shape of the plant cell
Chloroplasts…
Convert energy from the sun into stored energy

14. Process of Photosynthesis
REACTANTS: ENERGY (from the sun) + Water + Carbon Dioxide PRODUCTS: Glucose + Oxygen + Stored energy (ATP) We can write this as a chemical reaction… Light Energy + H2O + CO2  C6H12O6 + O2 + ATP

15. The Cell is like a City
Review Activity Your group will need to consider how a “cell is like a city” and complete the chart in your notes. Discuss answers with your group and be prepared to share with the class!