How the Union was rebuilt Reconstruction How the Union was rebuilt

North and South Economies during the Civil War

North and South Economies during the Civil War   Northern Economy Southern Economy Foundation Industry and Trade Agriculture Manufacturing Resources 92% of US industrial output 8% of US industrial output Food Production More than twice as much as the South Less than half as much as the North produced Employment & Property Ownership Many citizens worked for someone else and owned no property. Machines reduced the need for agricultural workers The economy of the South as a whole depended on cash crops (and therefore slavery) population 71% of US population; 99% free, 1% slave 29% of US population; 67% free, 33% slave   Northern Economy Southern Economy Railroads 71% of US railroad network; easy to transport troops 29% of US railroad network; difficult to transport system Exports and Views on Tariffs 34% of US exports; favored high tariffs to protect American industries and jobs 66%of US exports; favored low tarriffs to keep the price of manufactured goods affordable

Reconstruction (1865-1877) So we know… During the War, the North had the upperhand economically the North wins the War shortly following the victory of Sherman in Atlanta The Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves in the South (which helped the Union win the War) Slaves were not freed in the North What else do we need about the War and its effects? The North had three aims/ goals during the Civil War Restoring the Union Emancipation (as a military necessity) Equality for all free men The North (Union) was successful in with the first two, but the third fell short

Reconstruction (1865-1877) Two groups with two very different ideas about rebuilding the South after the Civil War Presidents Lincoln and Johnson Radical Republicans Lincoln (and eventually Johnson) were proponents (supporters) of moderate Reconstruction Policies They wanted to bring the South back into the Union immediately The Ten Percent Plan required Southern states to complete three (3) tasks to re-enter the Union Ratify the 13th Amendment Repudiate (denounce/ reject) secession 10% of each state’s voters must take an oath of allegiance

Reconstruction (1865-1877) Radical Republicans were proponents of harsh actions against the South They wanted to protect the rights of and guarantee equality of newly freed slaves Proposed the Wade-Davis Bill  ratification of the 13th Amendment; 50% allegiance Vetoed by President Lincoln Also known as Congressional Reconstruction Lincoln was assassinated before being able to implement his plan of moderate Reconstruction  VP Andrew Johnson became president and continued the Plan for Lincoln Johnson appointed Union governors in the South to ensure compliance Issues between the majority Radical Republican Congress and Johnson arose  as Congress pushed bills that favored their goals, Johnson continued to veto President Johnson was impeached (charged with misconduct; not a conviction of wrongdoing) by Congress in 1867, but failed to remove from office

Reconstruction (1865-1877) Following Johnson, Congress was able to submit the First Reconstruction Act. It reversed progress by Lincoln and Johnson. It did the following: Divided South into 5 military districts with military governors Required voting rights and political power for blacks Revision or creation of new state constitutions to include 13th, 14th, 15th amendments What was the intention of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments 13th Amendment  abolished slavery 14th Amendment  equal protection of and application of the law 15th Amendment  extended voting rights (“not to be abridged on the account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”; what about women?) Election of 1876, President Hayes (R) wins by electoral votes (not popular)  the Compromise of 1877 = Hayes agreed to terms of Dem.; appoint Southern Cabinet, removal of federal troops in the South, and collapse of Republican govts led to the end of Reconstruction