Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

Urbanization The movement of people to cities Causes Changes in farming Population growth Need for workers

New Social Classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class Owned and operated the new factories, mines, railroads, etc. Industrial Working Class Lived in tenements (multistory buildings divided into apartments; no running water or sewage) Labor Unions-working organizations, illegal at the time

Life in Factories & Mines 12-16 hour shifts, 6 days a week Only take breaks when given permission No safety devices=lost limbs Usually hired women, easier to teach/control, paid half wages Miners even worse Children often employed b/c of their small stature https://vimeo.com/102352271

Results of Industrialization Negative Brought about hardships at first Positive More jobs created Wages increased

New Ways of Thinking

Thomas Malthus British economist; felt poverty was unavoidable b/c population was increasing faster than food Urged families to have fewer children Best cure for poverty wasn’t government relief but the unrestricted “laws of the free market”

Utilitarianism The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens

Socialism-Economic System (primarily) People as a whole rather than individuals would own and operate the means of production Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses

Karl Marx & Communism German philosopher; wrote The Communist Manifesto Communism World dominated by Class Struggle Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat Middle v. Working Class A classless society in which all means of production would be owned by the State POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SYSTEM