The Progressive Era

Warmup Make a list of domestic problems/challenges in American society around the turn of the century that needed to be addressed by government. Review your notes from the Industrial Revolution if needed.

I. The Progressive Movement A) Reform efforts which aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustice.                                  

B) The goals Protecting Social Welfare Promoting Moral Improvement Creating Economic Reform Fostering Efficiency

II. New roles and goals for women Better paying opportunities became available for women in towns Many women found a political voice in the temperance movement and began to fight for suffrage.

C. Three Part Strategy Convince state legislatures to give women the right to vote Pursue court cases to test the 14th amendment Push for a national constitutional amendment

III. Teddy Roosevelt The youngest president at age 42 His leadership and public policy became a model for future presidents Roosevelt wanted people to have a square deal, the name given to his progressive reforms designed to help common people against big business

A. Roosevelt wanted people to have a square deal, the name given to his progressive reforms designed to help common people against big business

B. Using Federal Power 1. Roosevelt received the reputation of being a “trust buster” because he regulated trusts using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Believed America needed a strong federal government Tried to break up trust using the Sherman Antitrust Act Set a new principle by intervening in the 1902 coal strike The Hepburn Act boosted the power of the government to regulate the railroads

C. Roosevelt acted as a mediator between the striking miners and the mine owners. -This was the first time the federal government played this role in a labor strike

C. Roosevelt acted as a mediator between the striking miners and the mine owners. -This was the first time the federal government played this role in a labor strike Do you think the government should be able to take over private industries if it is in the public interest?

D. Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle Inspired Roosevelt to sign the Meat Inspection Act. a. dictated strict cleanliness requirements for meatpackers

E. The Environment 1. The Antiquities Act- Gave the president power to preserve federal lands.

F. Civil Rights TR did little to address racial injustice. The NAACP was formed to promote racial equality. W.E.B. DuBois was one of the founders. Roosevelt appointed an African American to the head of the Charleston, South Carolina customhouse invited Booker T. Washington to diner Many felt the progressive movement was doing nothing to help out African American’s so they formed the NAACP who aimed for full equity among the races.

IV. Taft’s Administration A. His agenda was less progressive, which upset many of the progressives in the Republican Party

He fired the head of the Bureau of Forestry who was a conservationist and a good friend of TR.

He fired the head of the Bureau of Forestry who was a conservationist and a good friend of TR. Broke up Standard Oil and moved to breakup US Steel until Roosevelt criticized him saying he didn't’t know a good trust from a bad one http://www.history.com/topics/john-d-rockefeller/videos/the-people-vs-standard-oil

B. Roosevelt Returns Roosevelt challenged T aft for the Republican nomination in 1912. 2) Taft won the nomination but the Progressive Party nominated Roosevelt as their nominee and they become known as the Bull Moose Party.

Document Analysis How does each candidate believe the government should be used to make people’s lives better? Paraphrase or find a direct quote form each candidate.

Election of 1912

V. Wilson

A. Federal Reserve System Manages the economy by changing interest rates. - High interest rates are used to fight inflation -Low interest rates encourage borrowing and spending

Setting interest rates is not simply a matter of managing the economy but a political one rewarding some groups at the expense of others. What level of interest rates would this person favor? Wealthy Business Owner

Setting interest rates is not simply a matter of managing the economy but a political one rewarding some groups at the expense of others. What level of interest rates would this person favor? The Working Class

Setting interest rates is not simply a matter of managing the economy but a political one rewarding some groups at the expense of others. What level of interest rates would this person favor? Entrepreneur starting a new business

Setting interest rates is not simply a matter of managing the economy but a political one rewarding some groups at the expense of others. What level of interest rates would this person favor?

C. Women win suffrage A) The 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote

Wilson drops the Ball on Civil Rights Wilson gained the support of the NAACP during the election. However, his record on civil rights was very disappointing. 1) He did not support a federal anti-lynching law.

VII. Wilson’s Presidency A. Two Key Antitrust Measures 1) Clayton Antitrust Act More Trust Busting. 2) Federal Trade Commission Protects Consumer and even more trust busting.

Reform at the state level Banning child labor and maximum work hours  Initiative- a bill organized by the people rather than a lawmaker  Referendum- a vote on an initiative  Recall- removes elected officials from office and forces them to run in another election  Direct election of U.S. Senators