Heat and temperature They are not the same thing Temperature refers to how hot or cold something is Heat is the transfer of energy from a warm object to a cooler object due to a temperature difference between the objects

Watch this short video explaining the difference between heat and temperature https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wTi3Hn09OBs

Definitions Temperature (Use a thermometer) The average kinetic energy of the molecules that make up a material Heat (Use the formula Q= mcΔT) The total kinetic energy of the particles in a substance

3 scales used to measure temperature Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin

Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin On the Kelvin scale: Water freezes at 273K Water boils at 373K On the Fahrenheit scale: Water freezes at 32F Water boils at 212F On the Celsius scale: Water freezes at 0C Water boils at 100C

Formulas to convert from one scale to another C  K K= C + 273.15 C  F F= C (9/5) + 32 F  C C = (F-32)(5/9)

Thermal expansion substances can often expand or contract with a change in temperature even if they don’t change phase. This is how thermometers work

Specific heat: Calorie: Measures how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a certain mass of a given substance Every substance has a different specific heat, but specific heat is a constant for that substance Substances that are easily heated have a low specific heat Calorie: The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius

Formula that relates heat with temperature Q= mcΔT Q= heat transfered to a material (J) m= mass of the material (g) c= specific heat of the material (J/gC°) T= change in temperature (C°)

Thermal equilibrium Whenever two objects of different temperatures are placed in contact, heat will flow from the hotter of the two objects to the colder until they both have the same temperature. When they reach this state, we say they are in thermal equilibrium.

Latent heat of transformation The latent heat of transformation, q, tells us how much heat it takes to change the phase of a substance

Methods of heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation

Conduction Conduction is the transfer of heat by intermolecular collisions.

Convection While conduction involves molecules passing their kinetic energy to other molecules, convection involves the molecules themselves moving from one place to another. Occurs in liquids and gases Hot molecules rise Cold molecules sink

Radiation Molecules can also transform heat into electromagnetic waves, so that heat is transferred not by molecules but by the waves themselves.

True of False?

The more temperature an object has, the hotter it gets The more temperature an object has, the hotter it gets. Therefore, heat and temperature are the same thing False

All of the following have kinetic energy: an ice cube, liquid water and water vapor True

If you fill a cup with warm bathwater, it will contain the same amount of heat compared to the water remaining in the tub you just filled it from False

A 100ml cup of hot soup will cool down faster compared to the soup left in the 2L pot (both have the same initial temperature) True

Our hands are a reliable device that can be accurately used to measure the temperature of things False

There are three temperature scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin True

Heat transfers from cooler to hotter objects False

A lake with a water temperature of 15C has more heat compared to the water in a mug with a temperature of 100C True

The kelvin scale used to measure temperature does not have negative numbers True

The hotter an object gets, the more kinetic energy it has True

Water has a higher specific heat compared to copper True