The Persian Wars Chapter 7 Lesson 3 and 4

Persian wars Darius Battle of Marathon Persia – largest and most powerful empire at this time Ionia – 520 BC - Persia conquered the Greek city- states in Asia Minor and some Aegean islands Ionia asked the Greeks for help! Darius King of Persia Attacked Greece for helping Ionia Battle of Marathon Greek victory after Persians split their forces Caught them unprepared

Land and Sea Battles Battle of Thermopylae Battle of Salamis Triremes – Greek warships Xerxes – King of Persia, son of Darius Attacked Greece Battle of Thermopylae Greeks held off the Persians for 3 days; gave Athens time to prepare Battle of Salamis Athens was abandoned – people went to Salamis- an island – there the Greeks forced the Persians into a naval battle and defeated them Athens- superior navy

Delian League Pericles Defense league of Greek city-states allied against the Persians in case they attack again Once entered, you cannot leave Run by Athens Navy was built and manned by Athens Paid for by other city-states Athens used the league to create the Athenian Empire Pericles Athenian General – made Athens great – rebuilt Athens with $ from the Delian league Parthenon – Temple of the Goddess Athena Long Walls – built to protect the road between Athens and the seaport Piraeus Arts and culture flourished under Pericles rule

Decline of the City-States Decline of Athens Other city-states resented Athens power Peloponnesian War 30 years of fighting between Athens and Sparta Sparta Won Athens becomes weak and never regains its power Lost ¼ its population to war and plague Decline of the City-States All of Greece was weakened by the Peloponnesian War Sparta rules it to harsh Thebes – overthrew Sparta, but was just as harsh Philip II of Macedonia Conquers Greece in 338 BC