State of the Gap: By the Numbers Fatma Abdel-Raouf, Ph.D. Goldey-Beacom College

The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers? Source: Google Image You probably heard different female-to-male earnings ratio cited in different sources: 79%, 82.5%, and 85%. So why these different ratios? It depends on the definition of income used in the calculation. In 2014, all these ratios are correct.

The Gender Pay Gap: Why So Many Numbers? Definition of income used 16 years and older 25 years and older Median annual earnings 79% 79.4% Median weekly earnings 82.5% 81.6% Median hourly earnings, paid hourly rates 84.6% 85.7%

Female/Male Earnings Ratio Over Time: Where is the Progress? 1979 - 1993: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ for 15 years, from 62% in 1979 to 77% in 1993. 1994 – 1997: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ from 76% in 1994 to 74.5% in 1997. 1998 – 2005: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ from 76% in 1998 to 81% in 2005. 2006 – 2008: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ from 81% in 2006 to 80% in 2008. 2009 – 2011: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ from 80% in 2009 to 82% in 2011. 2012: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ to 81%. 2013 – 2014: the F/M earnings ratio ↑ to 83% in 2014. 2015: the F/M earnings ratio ↓ to 81%.

Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate: Time Period F/M Earnings growth rate ratio F/M Earnings ratio 1980 - 1993 Females' earnings grew at a faster rate than males in every single year F/M earnings ratio increased in every single year 1998 - 2000 2002 - 2005 2009 - 2011 2013 - 2014 1994 - 1997 Males' earnings grew at a faster rate than females in every single year F/M earnings ratio decreased in every single year 2001 2006 -2008 2012 2015 Source: Google Image

Widening the Gender Pay Gap: The Impact of the Wage Growth Rate:

How wide-spread is the gender pay gap is? Source: Google Image The gender pay gap exists across the board and for all demographics. It exists regardless of race, age group, marital status, or educational background.

Gender Pay Gap by Race:

Gender Pay Gap by Race: White Female % of White Males Black Male 81% Black Male 74% Black Female 67% Hispanic Male 69% Hispanic Female 62% Asian Male 123% Asian Female 95% Source: Google Image

Gender Pay Gap by Age Group:

Gender Pay Gap by Marital Status:

Gender Pay Gap by Educational Attainment:

The Gender Pay Gap in Management Jobs: Source: Google Image

General and Operations Managers: Source: Google Image

Marketing and Sales Managers: Source: Google Image

Human Resources Managers Financial Managers

The Female/Male Earnings Ratio in Professional Jobs:

The Female/Male Employment Ratio in Professional Jobs:

Gender Pay Gap by States: IWPR Report: 2014 Top and Bottom 10 States, F/M Earnings Ratio

Top and Bottom 5 States for Women’s Losses Over Their Working Life, 2014: Source: http://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lifetime-wage-gap-2015.pdf

Women's Losses Over their Working Life, 2014 Source: Google Image Source: http://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Lifetime-wage-gap-2015.pdf

2015 Poverty Rates and Gender Gap: The gender gap exists in poverty rates as well.

Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

Gender Pay Gap and Poverty: IWPR Report

Gender Pay Gap and Economic Growth: IWPR Report

How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality? Source: Google Image Long time! Many women might not see it during their lifetimes. Baby boomer generation might not see gender pay equality in their lifetime and so is generation X. Millennials might see gender pay equality during their life time.

How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality? Using a linear projection and the median weekly earnings, If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from 1980 to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2047. If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from 1990 to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2064. If F/M earnings ratio grows at the same rate as it did from 2000 to 2015, we will achieve gender pay equality in 2071. Using annual real income from 1960 to 2014, IWPR estimated that we will achieve gender pay equality in 2059.

First and Last 5 States to Close the Gender Gap, IWPR Projection

How long does it Take to Achieve Gender Pay Equality?

Educational Attainment By State and Gender 2013   U.S. DE MD NJ PA Less than High School Diploma Women 13% 12% 10% 11% Men 14% High School Diploma or Equivalent 27% 30% 25% 29% 36% 32% 37% Some College or Associate Degree 24% 28% 26% 22% Bachelor's Degree or Higher 38%

Educational Background of Wilmington, DE Population in 2014 by Gender

F/M Earnings Ratio By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014

Poverty Rates for Wilmington, DE in 2014

Women's Losses Over Their Working Life By Education in Wilmington, DE in 2014 Source: Google Image