WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION CLASS DAY 10 - CHAPTER 7 INTERIOR FINISHES FOR WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION

Interior Construction Sequence After the floor platform (concrete or wood) is completed, and exterior walls, sheathing, roof structure and decking is in place, the building is “in the dry”, meaning if it rains one can still work inside. Interior Partition Framing is done simultaneously with exterior walls if the building is wood frame. If the building has masonry exterior walls, and/or is steel frame, the interior framing does not happen until the building is “in the dry.” Interior Partition Framing SOME MAY BE ALSO STRUCTURAL FRAMING Rough-in (& MPE Equipment) Code Compliance Inspection PRIOR TO COVERING UP Thermal Insulation PRIOR TO WALL AND CEILING FINISHES (UNLESS BLOWN IN) Ceiling & Wall Materials Interior Millwork, Interior Finishes WALLS FLOORS MPE Fixtures, Devices, Trim, & Appliances SOFT FLOORING

Sequence of Interior Construction, continued Rough-in: Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing, and special. Thermal Insulation & Vapor Barrier installed Code Compliance Inspection by building official Ceiling & Wall Materials installed Interior Millwork, Interior Finishes, doors, cabinets MPE Fixtures, Devices, Trim, Appliances, & Finish

Copper Water Piping (joints) Waste/Vent Piping WC Rough in Copper Water Piping (joints) Why not PVC? Pipe Insulation

PVC Pipe PVC Pipe - Joints “Glued”

Cast Iron Piping

Vent Pipe Plumbing Chase Why “Stack” Plumbing Fixtures?

Insulated “Flex” Duct

Rare in Residential Construction Sprinkler Pipe Rare in Residential Construction Insulation Flexible Duct Duct Anchorage

Round Duct

Rectangular Ductwork

Isolation Pad Isolation Joint

Electrical Rough in

Electrical rough in using flexible metal conduits

Blocking in Frame Wall to Support Wall Attachments Materials Wood Sheet Metal

More Blocking

Metal shield to prevent nails From being driven into Plumbing pipes

Sealant around pipes to prevent smoke migration From passing through wall space

THERMAL INSULATION Purpose is to slow the passage of heat flow Common insulating materials are spun glass fibers and rock mineral Installation is in interstitial space between outside & inside R-Values are the resistance to the number of BTUs that will travel through a material of given area in a given time period. Purpose RETARDS THE PASSAGE OF HEAT - THERMAL TRANSMISSION OCCUPANTS MORE COMFORTABLE LOWERS UTILITY COSTS Materials MOST COMMON BATT OR BLANKET (GLASS WOOL) BETWEEN STUDS (FRICTION, STAPLED) LOOSE FILL (GLASS OR ROCK WOOL) BLOWN IN RIGID BOARD - POLYSTYRENE APPLIED OVER FRAMING, Installation R-Values RESISTANCE TO HEAT FLOW LARGER R - GREATER RESISTANCE MINIMUN REQUIREMENTS PER CODE LIMITED BY THE THICKNESS OF STUDS, UNLESS ADD’L APPLIED ON THE OUTSIDE OR INSIDE – A primary reason more and more 2x6 studs are being used.

Vapor Barrier installed On warm side of insulation Insulation in Interior Wall Space to prevent sound transmission Exterior Wall

Vapor Barriers on Insulation Insulation can be purchased with or without a vapor barrier. The purpose is to prevent condensation from forming on materials due to moisture in the air and temperature differential. Materials are treated paper, plastic, and aluminum foil Installation is always on the warm side of the insulation. Purpose PREVENT WATER VAPOR FROM ENTERING THE INSULATION AND CONDENSING INTO LIQUID Materials METAL FOIL PLASTIC TREATED PAPER ON THE INSULATON OR AFTER (FULL SHTS) Installation VAPOR RETARDER typically PLACED ON THE WARM (INSIDE) SIDE

Radiant Barriers are used to reduce the flow of solar heat from infrared and Ultraviolet radiation by reflection. Wall sheathing faced with white plastic or aluminum foil on the outer surface reflect UVs and Infrared. Reflective barriers also include a material called “house wrap”, which not only reflects but provides a barrier to air infiltration due to wind.

Wall & Ceiling Finish Ceilings: Drywall, with textured and painted surface, sometimes acoustic spray. Plaster once was the norm, but now is rarely used because of labor cost. Walls: Drywall, with a variety of attached material, such as texture & paint, wallpaper, vinyl fabric, paneling, tile. Plaster Not often used CEMENTITIOUS TWO - THREE COAT SYSTEM LABOR INTENSIVE COSTLY LARGELY REPLACED BY DRYWALL Gypsum Drywall LOWER COST QUICKER INSTALLATION LESS SKILLED CRAFTSMAN NEEDED GYPSUM WRAPPED WITH PAPER Veneer Plaster

GYPSUM DRYWALL - STACKED

Beveled Joints

DRYWALL MATERIALS Corner bead Joint Reinforcing Tape Joint Compound Joint Tape Applied

Drywall Joints are first taped with a 2” wide paper made for the purpose and set smoothly into a water soluble joint compound. Finishing Operations & Materials/Equipment Taped joints are “floated” With a bedding compound And toweled smooth, then Sanded to conceal all joints And fasteners.

Applying Joint Compound

Sanding

INTERIOR DOORS Decorative panel doors are available in a variety of natural wood, plastic, or metal. Materials Interior Doors Panel PANELS W/ SIDE STILES AND T/B RAILS DEVELOPED TO MIM\NIMIZE CHANGES AND DISTORTION DUE TO CHANGES IN MOISTURE CONTENT Flush COME IN A VARIETY OF VENEERS TWO TYPES Solid Core TWO VENEERED FACES W/ CORE OF WOOD BLOCKS OR BONDED WOOD CHIPS HEAVY, STRONGER, RESIST SOUND BETTER THAN HOLLOW CAORE USES; ENTRY DOORS AND COMMERICIAL Hollow Core - TWO FACE VENEERS BONDED TO WOOD OR PAPERBOARD SPACERS Prehung - HINGED AND FITTED TO FRAMES AT THE FACTORY Casings - BUILT IN PLACE OR COME W/ PREHUNG (ALSO “SPLIT JAMBS) Flush type doors are Available in a variety of Natural wood veneers or pressed wood, and are Made with either a solid Core or hollow core as The need dictates.

FLUSH TYPE DOORS Face Veneers Core “Solid” Hollow Core Edge Strips Wood Laminate Core “Solid” Composite Wood Blocking Hollow Core Veneer supported By cardboard or Wood. Edge Strips FLUSH TYPE DOORS Solid Core Hollow Core

DOOR INSTALLATION Split Jamb “Pre-Hung” - hinged and fitted to the frames at the factory

Counter tops and Special Surfaces Ceramic Tile and Special Finishes Hard tile floors & counters Showers Hard tile wainscot Millwork and Finish Carpentry Door and window casings and trim Cabinets and built in millwork Painting, Staining, & Sealers Application of opaque and transparent finishes Counter tops and Special Surfaces Window Casings MUCH THE SAME AS DOORS PLACED INTO ROUGH OPENING TRIMMED OUT Baseboards BASE FOR SHORT AT THE JUNCTURE OF THE WALL AND THE FLOOR PROTECT THE BOTTOM OF THE WALL AND CLOSE ANY GAP AT THE BASE OF THE WALL FASTENERS - FINISH NAILS TO THE FRAMING Cabinets CONSTRUCTED AT A CABINETRY SHOP AND BROUGHT TO THE PROJECT TOPS INSTALL AT THE PROJECT

Plumbing Finish Electrical Finish HVAC Finish Install plumbing finish piping, faucets, & valves Install plumbing fixtures Install vents Electrical Finish Install lighting fixtures and switches Install receptacles and special outlets Make equipment connections HVAC Finish Install heating and air conditioning equipment Install air supply registers and return air grilles Thermostats and filters Plumbing Fixtures WATER CLOSETS SINKS SHOWERS & TUBS Electrical Fixtures, Devices & Trim LIGHT FIXTURES DUPLEX, SWITCHES COVER PLATES HVAC Trim GRILLS & REGISTERS

RESILIENT FLOORING Resilient flooring is material such as vinyl composition tile, vinyl tile, or sheet vinyl. It is a material that must be glued down at the proper temperature, then protected from construction traffic.

WOOD FLOORING Pre finished wood flooring is another material that must be protected from construction traffic. Unfinished hardwood flooring can be installed early, then finished as one of the last steps. Types of wood flooring include blind nailed tongue & grooved, square edge, or wood tiles such as parquet.

CARPET Carpet is a final material that should not be installed until last – for obvious reasons. There are two types of carpet, based on the method of installation. Stretch carpet is placed over a resilient pad and held in place with barbed strips fastened to the floor. So called, ‘commercial carpet’ is a very tight weave material, and is installed with a mastic adhesive troweled on the floor.

Many of the processes of finish within a project overlap in the time frame in which they are installed. But every consideration must be given and demanded by the Architect to guard against damage of one material for the sake of another. Finish surfaces should never be done prior to other trades that could cause damage, without adequate protection to the materials. The General Conditions of the Contract for any project will state that damage done to adjacent finish shall be paid for by the trade responsible for the damage.