Innovations in Technology and Transportation

Question: Do you think new technology in transportation and communication would be more positive or more negative impact on the United States? SIGNICIFICANT INVENTIONS/INNOVATIONS OF INDUSTRIALIZATION: Steamboat/Steam Engine Telegraph / Morse Code The Cotton Gin Railroad Construction Canals Interchangeable Parts Steel Plow Spinning Jenny

Improvements in TRANSPORTATION

Transportation Before Transportation After As settlers/immigrants began moving west in search of business opportunities. As a result, the government built roads/railroads to promote the free enterprise system

Transportation After

The Erie Canal (New York) Towns grow along canals where boats stopped to load/unload -1817 to 1825 -363 miles - much further than any other American or European canal -1/4 of the workers were Irish -Used as an inland route to ship goods Effect: Caused shipping prices in the Midwest to decrease and made it possible to get goods from the west to New York City

Robert Fulton - the Steamboat Similar to the railroad -they both made it less costly to ship goods and was quicker. People and goods move up and down river

Railroads Effects: speeds up transportation lowers freight charges Henry Bessemer—steel production process that had a major impact on Westward expansion with the building of railroads Effects: speeds up transportation lowers freight charges links Northeast and Midwest and increases communication Opens new markets for goods Pollution (negative)

Where are most railroads located???

Effects on MANUFACTURING

New England dominance in Textiles Textiles = _______________ Woven Fabric

Steam Power After 1850’s steam engines run mills and replace water as main power source Factories could be moved away from water This steam power increases production of goods allows use of UNSKILLED laborers (increased demand for factory labor)

Interchangeable Parts—Eli Whitney first used in the production of guns faster to produce & easier to repair manufactured goods Allows use of unskilled workers but required more supervision Leads to mass- production techniques in many industries

Effects on AGRICULTURE

John Deere - Steel Plow Cyrus McCormick - Mechanical Reaper

EFFECTS: Mechanical Reaper & Steel Plow increase farm production allows the Midwest to focus on farming while the East focuses on manufacturing

Cotton Gin-Eli Whitney makes cotton production more profitable and efficient plantations spread westward and increase in size Negative effects: INCREASES the need for slaves Drives Native Americans off of their land

Samuel F. B. Morse and the Telegraph Communication Samuel F. B. Morse and the Telegraph

Positive Impacts – Improvements in Transportation Greater connection between regions Roads and canals reduce shipping cost and contribute to development of cities Railroads also lead to development of cities and increases markets for goods Transcontinental Railroad completion opens up the west for settlement Urbanization of North increases

Negative effects – Industrial Revolution and Urbanization Air pollution Destruction of the natural environment Spread of slavery

What else do I need to know about the Innovations and Inventions of Industrialization??? As a group, you will research using the resources in each packet the many inventions and innovations of the early 1800s to find out: When they were invented? Who invented them? What it did? What were its advantages? What were its disadvantages?