Forming a new Energy Storage Collaborative Network David Surplus – Director 6th December 2012

The logic progression... Northern Ireland has high wind penetration, with relatively low electricity demand, so the grid is overloaded at peak wind, resulting in wind farms being curtailed. We therefore need storage, interconnection and demand side management

The Goal: Deliver the Lowest-Cost Peak Power LightSail Energy 1st gen product LightSail Energy v2 with underground storage Competes with conventional generation without subsidies. Half the price of batteries.

Compression is hot business

Store heat as well as compressed air USES PROVEN PISTON ENGINE TECHNOLOGY. ONCE EFFICIENCY IS PROVEN, TECHNICAL AND MANUFACTURING RISK IS LOW A motor drives the compressor piston Water spray absorbs the heat of compression Droplets are separated from the compressed air-water aerosol, cooled in a heat exchanger, and reused The mechanism is reversible to extract energy from the compressed air

A Fully Reversible Machine LightSail Energy Confidential

Add waste heat to increase return trip efficiency Energy output at T Energy output at T=15oC Get more energy output Energy output at T / Energy output at T=15oC 100% Round trip efficiency If multiplied by 1.43 gives Use hotter water 70% Round trip efficiency 120oC water

First-Generation Product Shipping in Q1-2014 Breakthrough Price and Service Life Power Unit 500 kW modules 70% round-trip efficiency 20+ year lifetime Selling price ≈ $1000 per kW Storage Unit 1 MWh modules Proprietary filament-wound tanks Shipping container form factor ASME certified Selling price ≈ $200 per kWh LightSail Energy Confidential

LightSail NI Ltd RAES DRAMATICALLY INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE Hello from LightSail Energy, We’re developing a revolutionary energy storage system called Regenerative Air Energy Storage. A lot of energy storage companies talk about supporting renewables, like solar and wind. But they supply only 1% of the world’s energy! I want to talk about the other 99%. This is how to grow the grid. A new Northern Ireland based Joint Venture to serve the European, African and Middle Eastern Markets LightSail Energy Confidential

Energy Storage Collaborative Network RAES DRAMATICALLY INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE Hello from LightSail Energy, We’re developing a revolutionary energy storage system called Regenerative Air Energy Storage. A lot of energy storage companies talk about supporting renewables, like solar and wind. But they supply only 1% of the world’s energy! I want to talk about the other 99%. This is how to grow the grid.

LightSail NI Ltd Highly efficient, low cost bulk energy storage can bring many benefits... Matching electricity supply with demand Reduction of winter peak demand on existing power stations Avoidance of wind farm curtailment when there is too much wind generation Avoiding the need for additional grid capacity when connecting new wind farms Avoiding the need to upgrade electricity infrastructure including lines and sub-stations Storing night time energy to be delivered during the day Allowing higher penetrations of intermittent renewables onto the grid Increasing security of supply Reducing the dependency on imported fossil fuels Increasing the likelihood of achieving ambitious renewable energy targets Absorbs waste heat which allows good quality CHP at biomass plants for example Reduces the spinning reserve requirement Provides reactive power ancillary services – power factor control Reduces availability payments to fossil generators and alleviates fuel poverty Should allow fossil fuelled thermal power stations to be retired from service Stimulation of local manufacturing and project development RAES DRAMATICALLY INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE Hello from LightSail Energy, We’re developing a revolutionary energy storage system called Regenerative Air Energy Storage. A lot of energy storage companies talk about supporting renewables, like solar and wind. But they supply only 1% of the world’s energy! I want to talk about the other 99%. This is how to grow the grid. LightSail Energy Confidential

LightSail NI Ltd Other more subtle technical benefits... Wide value chain impact – generation, transmission, distribution and consumer Generation: Intermittent generation is smoothed Reduced ramp rates when wind farms go online and/or come offline Improved controllability when wind farms go online and/or come offline Generation capacity firming helps to maintain production within predictable limits Transmission: Provision of local dynamic voltage support to help improve network stability Provision of instantaneous synchronised reserves Reduction in the need for standby fossil fuel fired OCGTs to be kept available Provision of support for frequency and area regulation Distribution and consumer: Lowering of pressure on highly stressed parts of the grid operating near full load Lowers the need for investment in infrastructure to cope with peak loads Time-shifting from low to high tariff periods optimised return on investment RAES DRAMATICALLY INCREASES THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE Hello from LightSail Energy, We’re developing a revolutionary energy storage system called Regenerative Air Energy Storage. A lot of energy storage companies talk about supporting renewables, like solar and wind. But they supply only 1% of the world’s energy! I want to talk about the other 99%. This is how to grow the grid. LightSail Energy Confidential

Questions David Surplus – Director 6th December 2012