1. Experience you can trust. 1 Solutions for large-scale wind power integration in the European system EWEC2009 Energy and power management Frits VerheijMarch 18, 2009

2. 2 Outline  The impact of wind power  Challenges for large-scale integration  Findings of TradeWind workshop 12-02-2009  Energy storage

3. 3 The impact of wind power  Less GHG emissions  Less dependent on fossil fuels, and thus  Less dependent on energy policy of other countries  More jobs  Lower electricity prices   Larger variations in power supply  Less predictable power output  Large investments needed  Cross-border cooperation required  Change of ‘power’

4. 4 As wind power capacity is growing fast …

5. 5 Wind power industry Public & Interest groups Grid operators Utilities & IPPs Gov’ment & Regulators … the impact of wind power creates pressure on the industry

6. 6 Challenges for large-scale integration  Different support mechanisms are applied in different electricity markets  The present grid is not designed to facilitate large volumes of wind generated electricity …  … and building wind farms at remote areas are increasing the challenges for grid operators

7. 7 Some findings from TradeWind workshop (1/3)  Flexibility of the electricity supply system is required to facilitate large volumes of wind power (2020+)  Single electricity market enables international trading of wind power (and of other power sources)  Reinforcement of the grid is needed already, apart from the growth of wind power

8. 8 Some findings from TradeWind workshop (2/3)  Think BIG: the future grid should be designed for the next 50 to 60 years  Combine long-term thinking with short-term actions, i.e. we should start designing the future grid now as building new overhead lines is a 6-10 years process  Wind farms should be designed as modern power plants which supports the grid  Functions could be frequency control, voltage fault ride through, reactive power, et cetera

9. 9 Some findings from TradeWind workshop (3/3)  We will have too little time to wait for new European rules so we better start with concrete projects and develop best practices, e.g. Krieger’s Flak  A common vision and close co-operation between politicians, governments, regulators, grid operators, utilities, wind farm operators, interest groups and other stakeholders is required to make wind power also a success on the longer term

10. 10 Additional thoughts  Add quickly dispatchable power plants to electricity system  Develop demand side management  Add more electricity storage facilities to the system Advanced wind power curtailment?

11. 11 Combination of electricity storage and wind energy seems logical …  Electricity storage is well-established practice – In 1999 the EU had 32 GW capacity of pumped storage out of a total of 188 GW of hydropower and representing 5.5% of total electrical capacity in the EU – Wide variety of (mainly small-scale) storage applications

12. 12 … besides storage adds value to the energy sector  Decouples supply from demand  Increases technical reliability of power supply  Reduces loads on conventional power plants due to less frequent adjustments  less maintenance  Absorbs unpredicted variations in wind power  Balances wind during windless or stormy periods  Provides more flexibility in utilization of conventional power plants  Stabilizes costs of electricity (peak shaving) and decreases imbalance costs

13. 13 Main applications of large-scale electricity storage Energy management Energy management  Download capacity base load units during off-peak hours + deliver additional power during peak loads  Spinning reserve (hours)  Other ancillary services like frequency control and voltage support (minutes)  Download capacity wind power plants during hours of strong winds  Balancing unexpected variations in wind energy (actual versus forecast) Present Future

14. 14 The Energy Island Innovative plan for large-scale energy storage Characteristics:  Artificial island in North Sea, 15 km from the coast, size of 10x6 km 2, water depth of sub surface inner lake is -32 to -40 m  Storage capacity of 20 GWh, able to provide about 1.500 MW  Enabler for other functionalities, e.g. 300-500 MW wind turbines, marina for maintenance offshore wind farms, other harbour facilities, substation, aquatic biomass, tourism, nature, agriculture, fish farming, …

15. Experience you can trust. 15 Thank you for your attention Your contact person: Frits Verheij KEMA Arnhem | The Netherlands T/M +31 (0) 26 356 2445 frits.verheij@kema.com www.kema.com