Write down words that come to mind when you hear: SUPERPOWERS Used to describe the U.S. and the S.U. (rivals) that came to dominate global politics following WWII.
SUPERPOWERS United States Soviet Union
Armed conflict or battle between major rivals WHAT IS A COLD WAR? Continuing state of tension and hostilities between the two superpowers What is a hot war? Armed conflict or battle between major rivals
How did the “Cold War” begin?
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow. -Winston Churchill
The “Iron Curtain”
What do you think is the goal of Stalin and the Soviet Union? If you are President Truman or any democratic nation, what would your goal be?
CONTAINMENT
The Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations US & the Western Democracies SUPERPOWERS GOAL spread world-wide Communism GOAL Stop the spread of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. METHODOLOGIES: [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]
You just got a job working as a news reporter for the New York Times You just got a job working as a news reporter for the New York Times. Your boss is willing to give you a huge raise if you write an article on the early events of the Cold War. However, you will only get the raise if you explain the events from both sides of the War. You must explain: Why did the U.S. think these events started? Why did the S.U. think these events started? Your boss gives you the following checklist of events that should be mentioned. He would like you to use at least 2 of these events, otherwise, say goodbye to your raise!! Meeting at Potsdam, Germany - Berlin Blockade/Airlift Policy of Containment - NATO /Warsaw Pact Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan
Truman Doctrine [1947] Civil War in Greece. Turkey under pressure from the USSR for concessions in the Dardanelles. The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. The U.S. gave Greece & Turkey $400 million in aid.
Marshall Plan [1948] “European Recovery Program.” Secretary of State, George Marshall The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. $12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].
Cold War Actions and Reactions SOVIET UNION UNITED STATES Pressure on Turkey Aid Greek communist insurgents Truman Doctrine 1947 Molotov Plan (economic aid to Eastern Europe) European Recovery Act Marshall Plan 1947
Post-War Germany
Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)
Pressure on Turkey Aid Greek communist insurgents Blockade Ground Traffic to Berlin Berlin Airlift 1948 Warsaw Pact NATO 1949
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) United States Belgium Britain Canada Denmark France Iceland Italy Luxemburg Netherlands Norway Portugal 1952: Greece & Turkey 1955: West Germany 1983: Spain
Warsaw Pact (1955) U. S. S. R. Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany Hungary Poland Rumania
3-2-1 Summarizer Identify 3 early events of the Cold War Compare 2 events Explain 1 reason how these events caused more tension between the superpowers