Protists and Fungi

Protist Oldest Eukaryotic Cells - 2 Billion Years ago Live in a variety of environments: water, soil, trees Shared characteristics of protists All eukaryotes All do not fit into any of the other kingdoms

What is a Protist? Most diverse kingdom of organisms May be unicellular or multicellular Microscopic or large (algae) Autotrophs or Heterotrophs Asexual or Sexual reproduction Movement by: Flagella, cilia or pseudopodia

Protist are Classified by: Animal-Like: move & consume other organisms Plant-Like: photosynthetic, algae Fungus-Like: reproduction is similar to fungus

What is a Protozoan? Protozoa- Animal like protists Unicellular heterotrophs Feed on other organisms or dead organic matter Usually reproduce asexually, some sexually

What is a Protozoan? Amoebas Flagellates Pseudopodia – movement & feeding Radiolarians- Important part of marine food chain Flagellates Can harm (African sleeping sickness) Can help (termites)

What is a Protozoan? Ciliates Reproduce asexually (binary fission)& sexual (conjugation) Ex: paramecium Genetically Identical to parent Genetically different

What is Algae? Algae- Plant like protists Can be Uni- or Multicellular Photosynthesize Pigments make these protists a variety of colors and color can be used to classify them.

What is Algae? Algae produce much of the Earth’s oxygen and are the basis of aquatic food chains (like plants are for food chains on land). No true roots, stems or leaves

What is Algae? Diatoms Dinoflagellates- Can be very harmful Ex: Photosynthetic unicellular algae are called Phytoplankton Diatoms Dinoflagellates- Can be very harmful Population increases cause Red Tides-toxins can kill fish & humans who eat affected fish.

Dinoflagellates Link

What is Algae? Ex: Green algae Volvox live in colonies Spirogyra reproduce asexually by fragmentation Red algae- seaweeds, can live in deep water Brown algae- Kelp

What are “Fungus Like” Protists? Unlike Fungi, Fungus like protists are able to move and do not have chitin in their cell walls. Classified by the way they reproduce Slime molds – sexual Reproduction (spores) Water Molds and Downy Mildews – asexual & sexual reproduction

Fungus Kingdom

What is a Fungus? Have chitin in their cell walls Most multicellular, some unicellular Heterotrophs – do not make their Own food, they absorb nutrients.

Structure Hyphae- basic structural unit, threadlike filaments that develop from fungal spores Mycelium- a network of branched hyphae Ex: Yeast, molds

What is a Fungus? Negative affects- Positive affects can spoil food,cause diseases, or be poisonous (some mushrooms) , allergies to mold & spores Positive affects Decompose large quantities of organic waste

What is a Fungus? Reproduction – Sexual & Asexual Fragmentation- Asexual reproduction where pieces of hyphae are broken off and new mycelia grow Budding- Asexual reproduction where a new individuals pinch off Reproducing by spores- Sexual & Asexual. A spore is a reproductive cell that can develop into a new organism.

Plant Like Protists vs. Plants   Plant-like protists are like plants in many fundamental ways. They are autotrophs that obtain food from sunlight. Most Plant like protists can move from place to place to hunt their food. The main difference between Plants and Plant-like protists is that Plant-like protists are always Unicellular.

Fungus-like Protist vs. Fungus Fungi-like protists are like Fungi in many fundamental ways. They are Heterotrophs that obtain food from . Most Fungi-like protists can move from place to place to hunt their food. The main difference between Fungi and Fungi-like protists is that Fungi-like protists are all motile (move) at some point in their life cycles..

Animal – like Protist vs. Animals Amoeba Animal – like Protist vs. Animals Animal-like protists are like animals in many fundamental ways. They are Heterotrophs that must obtain food by consuming other organisms. Most Animal like protists can move from place to place to hunt their food. The main difference between Animals and Animal-like protists is that Animal-like protists are always Unicellular.

THE END!