1. The Protists Chapter 19.1 page 502 - 525
The Fungi Chapter 20 Page

2. 10. (503) What is a protist? Kingdom Protista: Most diverse kingdom
Unicellular
Many multicellular
Microscopic
Very large
Some make own food, some don’t
1) What then, do all protists have in common?
They are all ____________
membrane bound organelles
Nucleus
eukaryotes

3. (503) Protozoan A ______________ is a unicellular animal.
Moist environments
Very diverse group
All feed on other organism (dead or alive)
They are therefore _______________.
Four Diverse Groups
Amoebas (have pseudopodia) (504)
Flagellates (have flagella) (506)
Ciliates (have cilia) (506)
Sporozoans (parasites) (508)
heterotrophs

4. Amoeba (504)
14,17. Moves by sending out extensions of plasma membrane to move and feed (505) (504)
These extensions are called ___________.
Do not have a cell wall (504)
To feed, the pseudopodia surrounds the food
(504)
pseudopodia
Video: amoeba

5. Found in moist environments (504) (505)
Amoeba
Amoebas can remove excessive water with little pumps called ___________ ________ (505)
Found in moist environments (504) (505)
Amoebas found in the sea are part of the ______
Plankton is assortment of organism that float in oceans and form base of the ocean’s food chain.
Radiolarians are an important part of plankton too. (505)
Most amoebas reproduce by ________________
(505)
Contractile vacuoles
plankton
Asexual
reproduction

6. Flagella allow for the protist to move about. (506)
Flagellates (505)
Get their name because they are protists with one or more ____________. (506)
Flagella allow for the protist to move about. (506)
Some flagellates are parasites, causing diseases like sleeping sickness. (506)
Some protozoa are found in the guts of termites and will digest cellulose as food.(506)
flagella
Video- dinoflagellates

7. Ciliate (506) 15,16. What are ciliates?
Paramecium
15,16. What are ciliates?
Contain _________, hair-like projections to move from place to place (507)
Paramecia are one of the largest unicellular organisms. (507)
Use cilia, oral groove, gullet and food vacuole for digestion.
(507)
(504)
cilia
Stentor

8. (507)

9. Paramecia reproduce asexually and sexually by _____________
Paramecia reproduce asexually and sexually by _____________. In this process paramecia join and exchange genetic material.
Also paramecia divide through asexual reproduction, by dividing into two identical daughter cells.
(508)
conjugation

10. Sporozoans (508)
Most of the Protist are in the group Sporozoans, which produce __________. (508)
Spores is a reproductive cell with a hard outer coat that produces a new organism without fertilization. (508) (508) (509)
All are __________
This is the life cycle of malaria,
a disease caused by a Sporozoans
through life cycle of a Mosquito.
spores
parasites

11. Algae: Plantlike Protist 19.2 What are algae?
Protists that photosynthesize are algae. (510)
Use of chlorophyll to trap energy from sun. (510)
Up to 4 kinds of chlorophyll w/ various pigments. (variety of colors in algae) (510)
Can be unicellular or multicellular. (510)
7. Photosynthesizing algae are called ________________ (510)
Diversity of Algae (511)
Six phyla of algae (511)
Three of phyla (euglenoids, diatoms & dinoflagellates) are unicellular (511)
phytoplankton

12. Euglenoids (511) What are euglenoids? (511)
Have both plant and animal characteristics.
Contain chlorophyll & photosynthesize but don’t have cellulose or cell wall
Can take in food similar to protozoans
Have one or more flagella to move toward food or light
videos

13. (511)

14. 9. Diatoms: The golden algae (512)
Unicellular photosynthesizing organisms
Make up a large part of phytoplankton in fresh and salt water ecosystems
Shells made of silica with two parts
Contain chlorophyll and carotenoid (golden-yellow color)
Oil in diatoms helps
diatoms float on surface

15. Dinoflagellates (513) 13. Have two (2) flagella located in grooves.
13. Cell spins slowly as flagella beat.
Phytoplankton in salt water.
8.Cause _________ , that kill fish, and shellfish.
(513)
Red tide

16. Red Tide

17. Red Algae (514)
The next three phyla of algae has to do with their color: red, brown, and green algae.
Red algae are seaweeds. The body of the seaweed is called a ___________. Seaweeds lack roots, stems, and leaves.
Red algae can survive deep water because light is absorbed in the green, violet
and blue pigments. Red is the
part of light spectrum that can
penetrate deep water
(below 100m)
thallus

18. Brown Algae (514) Brown algae are found in cool ocean water.
Many have ____________ that keep bodies floating near the surface.
The largest of the brown algae are _________
Kelp forest are ecosystems.
Bladders
kelp

19. Kelp (multicellular seaweed) (514)
Looks like plants but is not; no roots, stems or leaves
Has hold fasts to attach to rock

20. Green algae reproduction (515)
Reproduce sexually and asexually
Individual organism breaks into pieces and each piece forms a new organism. This type of reproduction is called ___________.
Life cycles that alternate between individuals that produce spores and individuals that produce gametes are called _____________
Alternates between haploid and _________.
fragmentation
Alternation of generation
diploid
(516)
Forms sex cells
Forms body cells

21. Alternation of generations
Meiosis
Diploid
Mature Cell
Zoospores
Zygote
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction +
Haploid -
Chapter 20

22. What is a fungus? Chapter 20 (529)
Characteristics of Fungi:
Are everywhere
Grow best in moist, warm environments
4. Have cell walls but not of ___________, like plants. Cell walls of ____________.
(513)
cellulose
chitin

23. What is the structure of fungi?
33. Most are multicellular and have long threadlike filaments called _________ (530)
Hyphae grow from __________. (530)
As hyphae grow they form an network of filaments called a _______________. (530)
hyphae
spores
mycelium

24. How do fungi get food? (531)
Fungi can not make their own food, they are
Food is digested ___________ the fungus’s cells and then food is absorbed.
By digestive ___________
Enzymes break down large food molecules into small food molecules
Small food molecules move into the hyphae. (by Osmosis)
heterotrophs
outside
enzymes

25. Reproduction in Fungi
Asexual reproduction by pieces of mycelium breaking off: ______________
Another asexual in which a new individual pinches off from the parent is __________
Fragmentation
budding

26. Basidiomycotes
Mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bird’s nests fungi, rust, smut, and bracket fungi.

27. The spores that are produced are ________________
Basidiomycotes
Basidiomycotes have ______ - shaped hyphae called __________.
The spores that are produced are ________________
club
Basidia
Basidiospores

28. Mutualism: Mycorrhizae and Lichens
6. Mutualism: a symbiotic relationship that benefit both species 3. A fungus that has a symbiotic relationship a plant and its roots is ______________ 5. Fine, threadlike hyphae grow around the plant’s roots without harming the plant. The hyphae maintain water around roots. The fungus receives organic nutrients from the plant.
mycorrhizae

29. Mutualism: Mycorrhizae and Lichens
2. A _________ is a symbiotic association between a fungus and _____________.
The fungus portion forms a dense web of hyphae, the algae grows inside the web.
The algae provides food for both organisms, the fungus protects the algae from changes in the environment.
Often first to colonize an area in primary succession.
lichen
Green algae