Weapons of Labor and Management

Weapons of Unions Collective Bargaining - Union members negotiated conditions with management Arbitration – Settling legal issues outside of the courts Strike – Refusing to work Picketing – Protesting outside of factory to stop others from going in Boycott – Refuse to buy/use products from that factory

Weapons of Management Blacklist – To make sure that workers would not find jobs anywhere else Lockout – Lock workers out of work so they can’t be paid Yellow Dog Contract – Part of contract NOT to join labor union Strikebreakers (Scabs) - Brought in to keep production of factory going Injunction – Court order to return to work/not strike

Early Labor Unions

Knights of Labor Membership – over 700,000 members Leaders - Terence Powderly Goals – Social reforms (8-hour work day, no child labor, opportunities for women) Tactics – Strikes

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Membership – One Million Leader – Samuel Gompers Goals – Immediate changes (better hours, wages, conditions) Tactics – “Bread and Butter” (peaceful bargain negotiations)

Great Railway Strike Started because of decrease in pay President Hayes used the army to put down the strike Resulted in little change

Homestead Strike Steel workers in Carnegie's plant 16 people killed National Guard ended the strike Fewer than 25% of striking workers would get their job’s back

Haymarket Riot Ended in a bomb blast Knights of Labor blamed even though they had no direct connection 8 police officers and a number of civilians perished

Pullman Strike Railway manufacturing strike Shut-down railroads all over the nation President Cleveland sent in Federal troops Government favored interests of business over labor