1. Labor Movement

2. A. Unions What is a Union Why Form Unions
Union is an organization of workers
Come together for a common cause in the workplace
Why Form Unions
Strength in Numbers
Much easier for workers to join together to make changes than to do it separately

3. B. Knights of Labor Who are they?
1869 first major national labor organization
Opened to all who “toiled”
All workers including women and African Americans
Leader Terrance Powderly
Encouraged “collective bargaining” not strikes

4. Goals 8-hour day Saving public lands for actual settlers
Prohibition of child labor
Equal pay for the sexes
Adoption of a graduated income tax
Government ownership of the railways and telegraphs

5. C. American Federation of Labor
Who Are They?
1881-present
Representing skilled labor only
Most powerful leader Samuel Gompers

6. Goals Similar to Knights of Labor Better wages, 8 Hour Day
Better Working conditions
Would use strikes to get these

7. D. Strikes Homestead Strike 1892: Homestead, PA
Carnegie Steel Cut wages
Amalgamated Union Workers strike
300 Pinkertons (private security guards) called in
3 guards and 10 strikers killed

8. State Militia called in to break strike
Strike ends and Union is weakened

9. Pullman Strike 1894 Pullman Palace Car Co. Chicago Wages cut by 28%
Workers Strike
Pres Cleveland sends in 12,000 troops
Says the strike interferes with US Mail
Strike ends

10. 3. Great RR Strike 4. Haymarket Riot
Started with the Baltimore and Ohio RR having their pay cut. They walked off the job. The Penn RR and others joined in.
The state militia was called out. They shot at the strikers killing some. Eventually the army was called in to start the trains again. Over 100 people had been killed.
4. Haymarket Riot
In Chicago, a group protested police violence against strikers. A bomb was thrown into the crowd killing 11 and injuring many.
The foreign protesters were blamed. 8 were arrested and sentenced to death. 5 weren’t even at the riot.