Research Methods and Ethics

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Research Methods and Ethics Chapter 1 Mod Two Research Methods and Ethics

2.1 What is the scientific Method? Used by researchers in psychology to see only what is really there, not what their personal opinions, or biases, might what them to see. It is a system for reducing bias and maintaining objectivity in the measurement of data. What are the steps of the scientific method? Formulating the Question Developing a Hypothesis Testing the Hypothesis Drawing Conclusions Reporting the Results

2.1 Vocab Scientific method- system of gathering data so that bias and error in measurement are reduced Hypothesis- tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations

2.2 What Methods do researchers use to study behavior. There are three main methods researchers use to study behavior. 1. nonexperimental methods 2. correlation method 3. experimental method

Vocab 2.2 Naturalistic observation- the study of people or animals in their natural environment Observer effect- tendency of people or animals to behave differently from normal when they know they are being observed Observer bias- tendency of observers to see what they expect to see

Naturalistic Observation Jane Goodall Factory Workers study Author on Adolescents

Vocab 2.2 Laboratory method- method of conducting research in a controlled environment Case study- study of one individual in great detail Survey method- method of conducting research in the form of interview Representative sample- randomly selected sample of subjects from a larger population of subjects Population- the entire group of people or animals in which the researcher is interested

Vocab 2.2 Correlation- measure of the relationship between two variables Correlation coefficient- a number derived from the formula for measuring a correlation and indicating the strength and direction of a correlation Experiment- deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if corresponding changes in behavior result, allowing the determination of cause-and-effect relationships

2.2 Vocab Operational definition- definition of a variable of interest that allows it to be measured Informed consent- permission from a person to participate in an experiment after the risks and purpose of the experiment have been explained Independent variable- variable in an experiment that is manipulated by the experiment Dependent variable- variable in an experiment that represents the measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment