9.5 A More Perfect Union (pt. 1) pp. 267-270

Objective: Explain how the Constitution divides governmental power.

9.1: (textbook pages 250-254) 1. Define constitutions— 2. After the Revolution, what group was the only one to enjoy the full benefits of citizenship? 3. What was the name of our first national constitution? 4. Define ratify— 5. What were three weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

9.2: (textbook pages 255-259) 6. What legislation provided a more orderly way for selling and settling land north of the Ohio River? 7. What did the revenue from the sale of one section in every township support? 8. What legislation set up provisions for governing the Northwest Territory? 9. Define republic— 10. What practice was prohibited in the Northwest Territory? 11. Define economic depression— 12. What was the name of the uprising by Massachusetts farmers that revealed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

9.3: (textbook pages 260-263) 13. In what city and in what year did the Constitutional Convention meet? 14. How many delegates attended? 15. Who was the oldest delegate to attend the convention? 16. Who presided over the Constitutional Convention? 17. Who earned the nickname “Father of the Constitution”?

9.4: (textbook pages 263-266) 18. Which state’s plan called for a two-house legislature to be based on population? 19. Define bicameral— 20. Which state’s plan called for a one-house legislature in which all states, whether large or small, would have one vote? 21. Define compromise— 22. What was the name of the compromise that resolved the deadlock between the large and small states? 23. Which house of Congress is based on population? 24. How many senators does each state have? 25. Which compromise affected how slaves factored into the population count of Southern states?

A. A Strong National Government (p. 268) The division of power between the national government and the states is called federalism. The national (or federal) government has the power to act for the country as a whole, and the states have power over many local matters. When states and the federal government disagree, the Constitution is considered the “supreme law of the land.”

B. Federalism (p. 268) [Tree Map] Delegated Powers--the federal government has the power to . . . Reserved Powers—the states have the power to . . . Concurrent Powers— The federal and state governments share the power to . . . -Declare war -Issue money -Set up and maintain a postal system -Make treaties -Establish local governments -Conduct local elections -Establish and run public schools -Establish marriage and divorce laws -Tax -Try criminals in court -Build roads and bridges p.268

C. Separation of Powers (p. 269) To keep the federal government from becoming too powerful, the Framers found it necessary to separate the powers into three different branches. They did not believe a single body should make the laws, enforce the laws, and interpret the laws. They created three branches of government—the legislative, the executive, and the judicial.

D. Three Branches of Government (p. 269) [Brace Map] Legislative Branch (makes laws) -House of Representatives -Senate U.S. Federal Government Executive Branch (enforces laws) -President Judicial Branch (interprets laws) -Supreme Court -Other federal courts p. 269

E. The Electoral College (p. 270) In the Electoral College, the number of electors representing a state equals the total number of senators (2) and representatives (based on population) for that state; Mississippi has 6 electoral votes. In most cases, if a candidate wins a majority of popular votes in a state, he/she wins all the electoral votes (“winner take all”).

Review: List some powers delegated to the federal government. List some powers reserved to the states. List the three branches of government and describe the power of each. Describe how the electoral college works.