MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY & BODY SYSTEMS HB 1 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY & BODY SYSTEMS

Test scores indicate that students who learn a foreign language have a much stronger grasp of English language skills. Tests also indicate that studying a foreign language sharpens the mind. Classical languages may prove the most profitable foreign languages for a student to learn. Consider LATIN. Everywhere we turn, we read English words which originally came from Latin words. Over 60% of English words have Latin roots. There is so much Latin in English that learning Latin will help you to better understand English.

GREEK is also useful. While legal vocabulary is all Latin, most medical and scientific words come from Greek. Knowing Greek will give the student a head-start on the terminology of these professions. A large part of the study of these professions is the terminology. Why learn Classical Languages? For centuries, classical languages have been recognized as an essential part of a good education. The primary benefits are the mental discipline and the usefulness for all other studies

Look for Relationships between new words and words that you already know SUICIDE  Fungicide  Herbicide  Genocide  Algacide Laryngitis Appendicitis  Arthritis  Arthropod  Pseudopod  Pseudonym  Cardiologist  Podiatrist Erythrocyte Leukocyte  Leukemia  Anemia  Cytology  Hematology  Hemophilia  Hemolysis

ANY IDEAS ??? HEPATITIS HEPATIC VEIN

PATHOLOGIST PATHOGENIC (Hint GENerate) PSYCHOPATH ? Need the Answer? Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Need the Answer? PATHOLOGIST

Try These Words Out For Relationship PTERODACTYL PHYTOPLANKTON PTERIDOPHYTE ASYMMETRICAL HAIRCUT APTERYGOTA

Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis Try This!! Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis [noo-muh-noh-uhl-truh-mahy-kruh-skop-ik-sil-i-koh-vol-key-noh-koh-nee-oh-sis,]

A respiratory disorder caused by microscopic volcanic silicone dust Breakdown Pneumono lungs Ultramicroscopic Really small Silico Silicon Volcano Coniosis Condition A respiratory disorder caused by microscopic volcanic silicone dust

Other BIG WORDS!!! otorhinolaryngological - 22 letters immunoelectrophoretically - 25 letters radioimmunoelectrophoresis - 26 letters psychoneuroendocrinological - 27 letters hepaticocholangiogastrostomy - 28 letters pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - 30 letters

otorhinolaryngological - 22 letters

immunoelectrophoretically - 25 letters

radioimmunoelectrophoresis - 26 letters

psychoneuroendocrinological - 27 letters

hepaticocholangiogastrostomy - 28 letters

pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism - 30 letters

Anatomical Planes and Directional Terms

All right class…first things first! cephalic Pos Anterio caudal

Principle of Complementarity Function always reflects structure What a structure can do depends on its specific form

Levels of Structural Organization Smooth muscle cell Molecules Cellular level Cells are made up of molecules 2 Atoms 1 Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules Smooth muscle tissue Heart 3 Tissue level Tissues consist of similar types of cells Cardiovascular system Blood vessels Epithelial tissue Smooth muscle tissue Blood vessel (organ) 6 Organismal level The human organism is made up of many organ systems Connective tissue 4 Organ level Organs are made up of different types of tissues 5 Organ system level Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely Figure 1.1

Body Planes: Definition = imaginary lines drawn through the body to separate the body into sections

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Directional Terms Table 1.1

Body Planes Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts Midsagittal or medial – sagittal plane that lies on the midline Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts Transverse or horizontal (cross section) – divides the body into superior and inferior parts Oblique section – cuts made diagonally

Body Planes Figure 1.8

Sagittal (Medial) Plane Divides body into equal right & left halves.

Frontal (Coronal) Plane Divides body into front & back portions.

Divides body into upper & lower portions. Transverse Plane Divides body into upper & lower portions.

Superior Inferior (cephalic) (caudal) Towards the feet Towards the head Inferior (caudal)

Transverse Plane: Horizontal plane dividing the body into a top and bottom half 1. Superior = body parts above other parts 2. Inferior = body parts below other parts

3. Cranial = body parts near the head 4. Caudal = body parts located near the sacral region of the spinal column (or near the tail bone)

Moving towards the midline of the body Medial Moving towards the midline of the body

Moving towards the side of the body Lateral Moving towards the side of the body

Median Plane: Divides the body into right and left sides 1. Medial = body parts located near the middle or midline of the body 2. Lateral = body parts located away from the midline or middle of the body

Anterior (Ventral) Front part of body anterior

Posterior (Dorsal) posterior Back part of the body

Frontal Plane: Divides the body into front and back section. 1. Anterior = body parts on the front of the body 2. Posterior = body parts on the back of the body

Proximal = body parts close to the point of reference Distal = body parts away from the point of reference

Body Cavities: Spaces within the body which contain vital organs

Body Cavities Figure 1.9a

Body Cavities Figure 1.9b

Body Cavities Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera), and is divided into two subdivisions: - Thoracic and Abdominopelvic cavities

Body Cavities Thoracic cavity is subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity Pleural cavities – each houses a lung Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart

Body Cavities The abdominopelvic cavity is separated from the superior thoracic cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm It is composed of two subdivisions Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

Other Body Cavities Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose Orbital – house the eyes Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations Synovial – joint cavities

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