The Thirteen Colonies & the early roots of American Gov’t.
Who came to the colonies? Settlers were a diverse group including: Africans brought against their will, Scotch-Irish, Germans, Portuguese, Jews, Swedes, Dutch, French, Welsh, Irish, Scots, Belgians and Swiss A majority of people that came to the colonies were English The United States is known as the “melting pot” of the world. What does this mean?
The makeup of the colonies New England Colonies: Church membership very important (Puritans) Economy developed around shipping The Middle Colonies: Diverse population Exported wheat and corn and New York and Philadelphia developed as major trading cities The Southern Colonies: Economy based on crops for export like tobacco, rice and indigo Slavery became important part of Southern economy
DO NOW Get handout on side table Store phone At the top of your handout, define the term “mercantilism.” Use your Navigation Acts reading from Wednesday to help you!
Salutary Neglect Salutary Neglect The English let the colonies be relatively independent (have local governments, newspapers, etc as long as the colonist continued to send raw materials to England and bought English made goods Colonist over time became used to this independence
IF YOU WERE THE KING OF ENGLAND , WHAT WOULD YOU DO IF…? England was in debt for over $140 million pounds after paying the costs of the French and Indian War. The colonies have been smuggling goods since the 1600’s, violating the Navigation Acts and cutting into British profits. The new land, won from France, had to be controlled and protected from the Indians. People in England were upset over their rising taxes which supported the colonies. 10,000 soldiers were sent to the colonies to protect the colonies. How would they be paid for and where would the funds come from? Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, made life miserable for the colonists that lived west of the Appalachian Mountains; his Indians attacked the English who were on his land. Communication and mutual understanding between the English and the colonists became difficult due to being 4,000 miles away. The colonist appeared to be proud of their performance when helping England at the end of the war, now they seemed restless under English control. The colonist seemed to be more unified than before and opposed many English rules and laws. The colonist asked for more say in the government that rules their colony. They want very little interference from England.
The Thirteen Colonies and Geographical Regions
What geographical region was settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking immigrants?
ANSWER! Middle Colonies: New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
What geographical region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom?
ANSWER! New England: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
What geographical region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities?
ANSWER! Southern Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
In what geographical region is Virginia located?
ANSWER! Virginia is part of the Southern Colonies
What region developed large plantations along the coast that grew “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.
ANSWER! Southern Colonies
What region developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually manufacturing?
Answer! New England
What region developed economies based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading?
ANSWER! Middle Colonies
Why is Florida NOT considered one of the original 13 colonies?
ANSWER! Florida was claimed by Spain and therefore NOT a part of the original 13 English colonies (see larger map below)
What New England colony was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts?
ANSWER! Rhode Island
What middle colony included the Quakers?
ANSWER! Pennsylvania (Hint: remember the Quaker, William Penn)
What colony was founded as a refuge (safe place) for Catholics?
ANSWER! Maryland (Hint: remember Lord Baltimore Calvert and associate it with Baltimore, Maryland)
What region had a social structure based on family status and the ownership of land?
ANSWER! Southern Colonies (Hint: Remember Robert “King” Carter who owned so much land in eastern Virginia that he was respected as royalty)
What region had a social structure based on religious standing?
ANSWER! New England (Hint: Remember the Puritans settled in Massachusetts, where religion was most important)
What region had the most flexible social structure and began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs, and small farmers?
ANSWER! Middle Colonies (Hint: Pennsylvania was known as the “best poor man’s country” because even the poorest man could make a living)
What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than the other colonies?
ANSWER! Southern Colonies
In what colony would you find the first elected assembly in the New World?
ANSWER! Virginia
What was the first elected assembly in the New World?
ANSWER! Virginia House of Burgesses Established in 1640s, it has operated continuously and is today known as the General Assembly of Virginia
In what colony would you most likely find the “Cavaliers?”
ANSWER! Virginia
Who were the Cavaliers?
Who were the Cavaliers? ANSWER! English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England (Hint: The UVA Cavaliers)
In what geographical region would you find Indentured Servants?
ANSWER! Southern Colonies
Who were Indentured Servants?
Who were Indentured Servants? ANSWER! Poor English, Scottish, or Irish immigrants who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time to pay for passage to the New World
What did it mean when servants “Indentured” themselves?
ANSWER! An “Indenture” is basically a contract to work for a period of time. Both the servant and his/her master would sign it. (Hint: See servant William Buckland’s name on the indenture to the left)
In what geographical region would you find slaves?
ANSWER! The Southern Colonies
Where did the Southern Colonies get slaves?
Where did the Southern Colonies get slaves? ANSWER! Slaves were forcibly brought from Africa, a brutal journey known as the “Middle Passage” “MIDDLE PASSAGE”
Why were Africans brought to the Southern Colonies?
ANSWER! The first Africans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations.
If both groups of people worked on plantations, what is the difference between Indentured Servants and Slaves?
ANSWER! Indentured Servants came willingly from Europe to work for a period of time by contract, and hope for better life for children while Slaves were brought against their will from Africa and worked for life, and status was passed on to children
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)? Southern Colonies In what colonial region is Virginia located?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)? Southern Colonies In what colonial region is Virginia located? What colonial region had an economy based on plantation agriculture and “cash crops?” (tobacco and indigo)
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)? Southern Colonies In what colonial region is Virginia located? What colonial region had an economy based on plantation agriculture and “cash crops?” (tobacco and indigo) Why is Florida NOT considered one of the original 13 English colonies?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)? Southern Colonies In what colonial region is Virginia located? What colonial region had an economy based on plantation agriculture and “cash crops?” (tobacco and indigo) Why is Florida NOT considered one of the original 13 English colonies? Florida was settled by the Spanish What colonial region had an economy based on Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading?
What colonial region was settled by German, English, and Dutch immigrants? Middle Colonies What colonial region was settled by Puritans seeking religious freedom? New England What colonial region was settled by people seeking economic opportunities (money)? Southern Colonies In what colonial region is Virginia located? What colonial region had an economy based on plantation agriculture and “cash crops?” (tobacco and indigo) Why is Florida NOT considered one of the original 13 English colonies? Florida was settled by the Spanish What colonial region had an economy based on Shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics? Maryland What colony was founded by the Quakers?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics? Maryland What colony was founded by the Quakers? Pennsylvania What colonial region had a social structure based on religious standing?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics? Maryland What colony was founded by the Quakers? Pennsylvania What colonial region had a social structure based on religious standing? What colonial region had the most flexible social structure and was the most tolerant?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics? Maryland What colony was founded by the Quakers? Pennsylvania What colonial region had a social structure based on religious standing? What colonial region had the most flexible social structure and was the most tolerant? Middle Colonies What colonial region had a social structure based on family status and ownership of land?
What colonial region had an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing? New England What colony was founded by Puritan dissenters fleeing persecution in Massachusetts? Rhode Island What colony was founded as a refuge for Catholics? Maryland What colony was founded by the Quakers? Pennsylvania What colonial region had a social structure based on religious standing? What colonial region had the most flexible social structure and was the most tolerant? Middle Colonies What colonial region had a social structure based on family status and ownership of land? Southern Colonies
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England? Cavaliers What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England? Cavaliers What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England? Southern Colonies Who were forcibly brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England? Cavaliers What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England? Southern Colonies Who were forcibly brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations? Slaves What was the term used to describe the brutal journey for slaves from Africa to North America?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England? Cavaliers What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England? Southern Colonies Who were forcibly brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations? Slaves What was the term used to describe the brutal journey for slaves from Africa to North America? Middle Passage What was the 1st elected assembly in the New World called?
Who were poor English and Irish immigrants who in exchange for passage to the new world agreed to work for a period of time? Indentured Servants Who were English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England? Cavaliers What region maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and close social ties to England? Southern Colonies Who were forcibly brought to Jamestown in 1619 to work on tobacco plantations? Slaves What was the term used to describe the brutal journey for slaves from Africa to North America? Middle Passage What was the 1st elected assembly in the New World called? Virginia House of Burgesses (today the General Assembly of Virginia)