Unit 2 Chapter 4 in Textbook Tissues Unit 2 Chapter 4 in Textbook

What are they? -Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure (form) and function (job). Histology is the study of tissues

What are they? 4 Main tissue types: Epithelial Connective Nervous Muscle

INTRO TO TISSUES VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5tR3csCWYo Crash course intro to tissues

Epithelial Tissues NO blood vessels Characteristics Closely attached to each other forming a protective barrier NO blood vessels - nutrients from bv in connective tissue

Epithelial Tissues Characteristics Innervated Very good at regenerating. ex. sunburn, skinned knee.

Epithelial Tissues By SHAPE: squamous-flat and scale-like Classifications (types) By SHAPE: squamous-flat and scale-like cuboidal- cubed, as tall as they are wide columnar- tall, column-shaped

Epithelial Tissues Simple- single layer absorption & filtration By CELL ARRANGEMENT: Simple- single layer absorption & filtration Stratified- multiple stacked layers protection from abrasion-mouth, skin Simple-fx gas exchanges in lungs & lines blood vessel & body cavities Stratified-designed to protect underlying layers. ---outer layer of skin, mouth, throat, vagina & anal canal

Examples

Epithelial Tissues Protects- skin Absorbs- stomach & intestinal lining Functions Include: Protects- skin Absorbs- stomach & intestinal lining Filters- the kidneys Secretes- forms gland us from the outside world --secretes—glands secrete products into ducts=exocrine. Endocrine = glands that secrete into body fluids & blood https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUe_RI_m-Vg Crash Course part 2

Epithelial Tissue Located in: Urinary bladder Uterus Urethra Transitional- Stretches Located in: Urinary bladder Uterus Urethra 1/25/2012

Epithelial Tissue Endocrine Exocrine 2 types of Glands: Glandular tissue 2 types of Glands: Exocrine—glands secrete body fluids into ducts mucus, serous (watery fluid) Mammary glands sebaceous glands Endocrine = glands that secrete into body fluids & blood

Glandular epithelia Exocrine Endocrine Releases products outside of the body through a duct (sweat, oil & salivary) Endocrine release hormones inside the body into the bloodstream without a duct (pituitary, adrenal)

EPITHELIAL TISSUE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUe_RI_m-Vg Tissues part 2-crash course

Dense-densely packed collagen fibers-very strong-no good blood supply Adipose-stores fat Areolar-delicate thin membranes-binds body parts together like skin & underlying organs Compact Bone- most rigid-has mineral salts & collage within bone matrix internally supports body, protects, forms muscle attachments bone cells = osteocytes arranged in concentric circles bone has good blood supply Blood –red & white blood cells suspended in plasma fx to transport substances in body All have good blood supply Connective Tissue

Connective Tissue Wraps , cushions and protects organs Internal support for organs Stores nutrients connections between muscles, bones, and joints Gives organs strength Functions (jobs) Protects against infection Repair tissue damage Produce blood cells

Connective Tissue Ground substance- gel around cells and fibers 3 elements of connective tissue Ground substance- gel around cells and fibers Fibers-provide strength, elasticity, and support Intracellular matrix Good blood supply Fibroblasts - most common cell types, secretes fibers & is large Mast cells- release heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (promotes inflammation) Macrophages – scavenger cells & defend against infection

Areolar- cushions around organs, loose arrangement of cells and fibers 3 Loose Connective Tissues Areolar- cushions around organs, loose arrangement of cells and fibers Adipose- stores nutrients, packed with fat cells and blood vessels 3. Reticular- internal supporting framework of some organs, delicate network of fibers and cells (spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow) Areolar– thin membrane that binds body parts to skin Adipose loose connective tissue designed to store fat around joints – padding in kidneys & abdominal membranes Reticular thin fiber- 3 d network – provides framework for some internal organs (liver & spleen)

Dense (fibrous) connective: Dense Regular- tendons and ligaments, regularly arranged bundles packed with fibers in the same direction to provide strength 2. Dense Irregular- skin, organ capsules, irregularly shaped- packed with fibers for strength in all directions. No good blood supply Tendons & ligaments

Cartilage Bone (osseous) Blood Special Connective Tissues provides strength with flexibility resists wear & tear (external ear, larynx, nose, intervertebral discs) 3 types- hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage Bone (osseous) provides framework for body stores calcium contains blood-forming cells Blood transports oxygen, CO2, & nutrients involved in immune response Cartilage – lacks vascular system so slow to heal hyaline cartilage - found at ends of bones elastic cartilage – found at external ears & parts of larynx Fibrocartilage – collagen fibers tough tissue for shock absorbing at intervertebral disks in knees and pelvic girdle Compact Bone- most rigid-has mineral salts & collage within bone matrix internally supports body, protects, forms muscle attachments bone cells = osteocytes arranged in concentric circles bone has good blood supply Blood –red & white blood cells suspended in plasma fx to transport substances in body

Examples

CONNECTIVE TISSUE VIDEO https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D-SzmURNBH0

Nervous Tissue Brain (cerebrum & cerebellum) Spinal cord Nerves conducts electrical impulses to and from body organs via the neurons (nerve cells) 3 elements of the nervous system Brain (cerebrum & cerebellum) Spinal cord Nerves Controls every thing in your body-thoughts—actions Sensory input—processes info/integration---motor output Neurons—conducts impulses Neuroglia – helper cells support & nourish neurons

Moves blood, food, wastes through organs Muscle Tissue Body movement Moves blood, food, wastes through organs Responsible for digestion

Attached to tendons & bone Striated Multinucleated Skeletal Attached to tendons & bone Controlled by voluntary movements Striated Multinucleated Multi nucleated – skeletal muscles are very large –long fibers fuse together when formed Because skeletal muscle fibers are multi nucleated—no longer a “cell” but syncytium (SIN SISH UM)

Cardiac Tissue -Only in Heart -involuntary movements -striated w/ intercalated discs -connecting for synchronized -contractions during heart beat Intercalated discs- connections between individual cardiac tissues so the muscle fx as one organ

Smooth Muscle Tissue -Hollow organs -Blood vessel walls -Involuntary -Spindle-shaped cells for pushing contents through organs -Non-striated Lines hollow organs & blood vessel walls Intestines, stomach, aorta

Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle

Tissue Trauma Characterized by: Heat- blood is very warm and it increases the external temperature of the area Edema (swelling)- due to the increase in blood flow to the area Pain- from the swelling and pushing on nerves Redness- blood flooding the area bringing nutrients and healing factors

Tissue Review Questions.

What types of muscle tissue are below? Give characteristics of each!

What are the 4 main Tissue Types?

What are the 4 main Tissue Types?

Distinguish between the two!

Simple vs Stratified squamous Filtration and diffusion.

Identify the function of this tissue type

Secretion and absorption- Glands and ducts

Protection and secretion