1. TISSUES

2. TISSUES
Groups of cells working together in similar function

3. 4 MAJOR TISSUE TYPES Epithelial (protection) Connective (bind organs)
Muscle (movement)
Nerve (communication)

4. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Protective coverings Secretion Absorption Excretion
Lack blood vessels
Readily divide
Tightly packed

5. 9 types of Epithelial STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS TRANSITIONAL SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL
SIMPLE CUBOIDAL
SIMPLE COLUMNAR
GLANDULAR
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR
TRANSITIONAL
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR

6. SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Single layer of thin flat cells
Allow substances to easily pass through
PROTECTION
Air sacs of lungs (alveoli)
Capillary walls
Blood & lymph vessels
Membranes that line body cavities

7. SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Single layer of cube shaped cells
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
Ovaries
Kidney tubules
Gland ducts (salivary, thyroid, pancreas)

8. SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Single layer of elongated (column) shaped cells
Thick
SECRETE DIGESTIVE FLUIDS
ABSORB NUTRIENTS
Stomach
Intestines (microvilli)
Oviducts
Uterus

9. STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Many layers of flat cells
Thick
Deeper cell layers push older layers away (keratinization)
WATERPROOF LAYER
Epidermis
Linings of mouth, throat, vagina, anal canal

10. STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
Layers of cube shaped cells
PROTECTION
Lining of blood vessels & intestines (lumen)
Ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, pancreas
Lining of ovarian follicles & seminiferous tubules

11. STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Layers of elongated cells
ABSORPTION
SECRETION
Urethra
Vas deferens
pharynx

12. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Appear layered but really are a single layer (nucleus at diff locations)
Usually have cilia
MOVE DUST & MICROBES
Respiratory passages

13. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
Can change shape in response to increased tension
Allow for expansion & contraction of some organs so contents don’t diffuse back into organ
Inner lining of bladder
Ureter
Parts of urethra

14. GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
Usually found within cuboidal or columnar epithelium
Produce or secrete substances into ducts (EXOCRINE) or body fluids (ENDOCRINE)
Mammary glands
Sebaceous glands
Salivary glands
Sweat glands
Pancreas

15. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Bind structures Support & protection of body organs
Frameworks
Fill spaces
Store fat
Produce blood cells
Protect against infection
Repair tissue damage

16. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cells are farther apart
Abundant intercellular material (matrix) tissue space
Good blood supply (most)
Some rigid (bone & cartilage)
Some flexible (adipose & dense connective)

17. LOOSE CONNECTIVE Also called AREOLAR Delicate thin membranes
Collagenous fibers (collagen)… long parallel bundles, slightly elastic but tensile strength
Elastic fibers (elastin)… thin, stretch easily
BIND SKIN TO UNDERLYING ORGANS
FILL SPACES B/W MUSCLES
SUPPLY EPITHELIUM W/BLOOD
Skin beneath epithelium

18. DENSE CONNECTIVE Also called RETICULAR
Closely packed (very little if any matrix)
Collagen & elastin (strong)
Low blood supply; slow repair/healing
BINDS BODY PARTS TOGETHER
Ligaments & tendons

19. ADIPOSE “fat” CUSHION JOINTS & ORGANS INSULATION STORED ENERGY
Beneath skin; b/w muscles
Surrounds most organs

20. CARTILAGE Rigid Mostly collagenous fibers PROVIDE SUPPORT FRAMEWORK
ATTACHMENT
PROTECT UNDERLYING TISSUE
DEVELOPING BONES
Skeleton, nose, ears, joints

21. TYPES OFCARTILAGE ELASTIC HYALINE Dense network of elastic fibers
Framework of external ear
Parts of larynx
Most common
Fine collagenous fibers
Ends of bone & joints
Soft part of nose
Respiratory passages
FIBROCARTILAGE
Very tough
Collagenous fibers
Shock absorber
Intervertebral discs
Cushions bone in knee & pelvis

22. BONE Also called OSSEOUS osteocytes (bone cells)
Most rigid connective tissue (mineral salts: CaPO4; CaCO3)
Abundant collagenous fibers
Good blood supply; heals rapidly
Red Marrow: produce blood cells
PROTECT BODY STRUCTURES & ORGANS
ATTACHMENT FOR MUSCLES
Skeleton, rib cage, skull

23. BLOOD Fluid filled matrix Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets
TRANSPORT MATERIALS THROUGH BODY
HELP MAINTAIN STABLE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
In blood vessels throughout body

24. MUSCLE TISSUE Contractile (elongates & shortens) SKELETAL MUSCLE
MOVES BODY PARTS
SKELETAL MUSCLE
SMOOTH MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE

25. SKELETAL MUSCLE TISSUE
STRIATED: long, thread-like cells w/ alternating light & dark bands
VOLUNTARY
Move head, trunk, limbs
Allow us to make facial expressions, write, walk, talk, chew, swallow, breathe
Muscle attached to bones

26. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE NO STRIATIONS INVOLUNTARY Spindle-shape
Control body processes
(digestion; excretion; respiration)
Internal organs

27. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Found only in HEART STRIATED INVOLUNTARY
Cells join end to end
Intercalated disks: allow nerve impulses to travel rapidly

28. NERVE TISSUE Neurons: nerve cells Long branching cells SENSE CHANGES
COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER, MUSCLES, & GLANDS
COORDINATE, REGULATE, INTEGRATE BODY FUNCTIONS
Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves