The War of 1812 Conflict in the Atlantic and the West Impressment – British practice of seizing ships and forcing sailors into the British Navy Chesapeake/Leopard incident June 22, 1807, the British HMS Leopard pursued the USS Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia. The captain of the Leopard sent a message demanding to search the Chesapeake for British naval deserters but the Chesapeake’s Commodore James Barron refused. The Leopard opened fire and the Chesapeake, poorly armed, was forced to surrender, but not before several crew members were wounded or killed. The British removed four deserters from the Chesapeake’s crew. Only one of them was British – the rest were American seamen who had been impressed into British naval service. The Embargo of 1807: Jefferson tries to stay neutral US cut off ALL trade with ALL countries – huge disaster Other embargoes follow Non-intercourse Act – U.S. will not trade ONLY with Eng and France Macon’s Bill #2 – U.S. will not trade ONLY with Eng. OR France

The War of 1812 War Hawks want the U.S. to gain more territory – CANADA and be done with Indian issues Tecumseh and Natives were provided guns by the British – eventually defeated by William Henry Harrison (future President) at the Battle of Tippecanoe Southern and Western Democratic-Republican Congressmen (Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) pushed for war Most Federalists were against the war, why?

The War of 1812 The War of 1812 – Second War of Independence U.S. burned the British capital in York (Canda) British burned the White House in Washington D.C. U.S. has most of its success fighting on the Great Lakes – otherwise barely won any significant land battles Federalists Oppose the War: Hartford Convention (1814) – meeting of Federalists to address grievances Propose amendments to make war more difficult to declare and to elect Presidents from states other than Virginia Some Federalists urge secession from the U.S. But the Federalist Party appears to be sore losers and the party fades from existence Treaty of Ghent: No land was gained or lost 2 weeks after the Treaty was signed the U.S. wins the Battle of New Orleans (Andrew Jackson)

Federalists run the Supreme Court The Federalist Legacy: John Marshall’s Federalist View: Strengthened the power of the Fed govt AND the Supreme Court National Supremacy: McCulloch v. Maryland – BUS was declared constitutional; states cannot tax federal government Gibbons v. Ogden – Only Congress, NOT states, can control INTERstate commerce Upholding Vested Property Rights: Dartmouth College v. Woodward – contracts cannot be altered by the government

Foreign Diplomacy The Diplomacy of Sec of State John Q. Adams Rush-Bagot Treaty limited the American and British navies to just two ships on any of the Great Lakes Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – US gained Florida, gave up claims to TX to Spain Anglo-American Conference of 1818 - established the US-Canadian border at the 49th parallel Monroe Doctrine – Europe must stay out of the Western Hemisphere, America will not get involved in European affairs.