UNIT 1 BUILDING TECHNOLOGY DATE : 11 JULY TIME 2.20PM

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SITE SELECTION FULLY DEVELOPED LOCALITY ZONING LIMIT OF AREA SOIL SURFACE LANSCAPE

SITE PLAN WIDTH ROADS NAMES BOUNDARY SETBACK NUMBER OF PLOTS AND BLOCK ORIENTATION FOOTPATH ZONING OF BUILDING SIZE AND LOCATION

PLANNING REGULATIONS AND BY -LAWS LINES OF BUILDING FRONTAGES BUILT UP AREA OF BUILDINGS OPEN SPACE AROUND BUILDINGS PROVISIONS OF SIZE,HEIGHT AND VENTILATION OF ROOMS WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY PROVISIONS STRUCTURAL DESIGN OR SIZES AND SECTIONS

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN PLANNING ASPECTS PROSPECT PRIVACY GROUPING ROOMINESS FURNITURE REQUIREMENT SANITATION FLEXIBILITY CIRCULATION ELEGANCE ECONOMY PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Date :17 july 2012 MASONRY

brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar. brick,  stone,  marble,  granite,  travertine, limestone,  cast stone,  concrete block,  Masonry is generally a highly durable form of construction. However, the materials used, the quality of the mortar and workmanship, and the pattern in which the units are assembled can significantly affect the durability of the overall masonry construction.

Advantages The use of material such as bricks and stones can increase the thermal mass of a building. Most types of masonry typically will not require painting and so can provide a structure with reduced life-cycle costs. Masonry is very heat resistant and thus provides good fire protection. Masonry walls are more resistant to projectiles, such as debris from hurricanes or tornadoes. Masonry structures built in compression preferably with lime mortar can have a useful life of more than 500 years as compared to 30 to 100 for structures of steel or reinforced concrete

Disadvantages Extreme weather causes degradation of masonry wall surfaces due to frost damage. This type of damage is common with certain types of brick, though rare with concrete blocks. Masonry tends to be heavy and must be built upon a strong foundation, such as reinforced concrete, to avoid settling and cracking. Save for concrete, masonry construction does not lend itself well to mechanization, and requires more skilled labor than stick-framing.

Brick masonry is construction in which uniform units ("bricks"), small enough to be placed with one hand, are laid in courses with mortar joints to form walls. Bricks are kiln baked from various clay and shale mixtures. The chemical and physical characteristics of the ingredients vary considerably. These characteristics and the kiln temperatures combine to produce brick in a variety of colors and harnesses. In some regions, individual pits yield clay or shale which, when ground and moistened, can be formed and baked into durable brick. In other regions, clay or shale from several pits must be mixed.

Types of bonds

Difference between bonds

English bond English bond is mainly only used in retaining walls these days. It used to be used extensively in housing before 1905. It is a Quarter bond

This bond has alternating courses of stretchers and headers, with the headers centered on the stretchers, and each alternate row vertically aligned. There is a variant in which the second course of stretchers is half offset from the first, giving rise to English cross bondor Dutch bond

Flemish bond

Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, has throughout history been considered the most decorative bond, and for this reason was used extensively for dwellings until the adoption of the cavity wall. It is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course. The next course is laid so that a header lies in the middle of the stretcher in the course below. This bond is two bricks thick. It is quite difficult to lay Flemish bond properly, since for best effect all the perpendiculars need to be vertically aligned. If only one face of a Flemish bond wall is exposed, one-third of the bricks are not visible, and hence may be of low visual quality. This is a better ratio than for English bond, Flemish bond's main rival for load-bearing walls.