1. MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION I
BRICK MASONRY
SOFIA SEBASTIAN

2. COMPONENTS / PARTS OF A BUILDING
Foundation
Plinth
Basement filling
Ground floor
Internal wall
External wall
Staircase
Lintel
Door
First Floor
Partition wall
Ceiling
Flat roof
Sloping roof

3. Sill and lintel
Plinth

4. MASONRY Mortar – Cement lime mortar
made of portland cement, hydrated lime, an inert aggregate, and water.
The aggregate, sand, must be clean and screened to eliminate particles
that are too coarse.
The portland cement is the bonding agent in the mortar.
Masonry
simplest of building techniques
material (bricks, stones, or concrete blocks called masonry units) atop one another to make walls.
Mortar important part of masonry
It seals between the units to keep water and wind from penetrating
adheres the units to one another to bond them into a monolithic structural unit ;

5. Lime for mortar is produced
by burning limestone or
seashells (calcium carbonate) in a
kiln to drive off carbon dioxide and
leave quicklime (calcium oxide).
CaCO CaO (quick lime)+ CO2
Quicklime is then slaked by allowing
it to absorb as much water as it
will hold, resulting in the formation
of calcium hydroxide, called slaked
lime or hydrated lime.
CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2 (slaked lime) (hydrated lime)
The hydrated lime is subsequently dried, ground, and bagged for shipment.

6. traditional brick is shaped and dimensioned to the human hand.
Brick Masonry
crushing
Size
most resistant
traditional brick is shaped and dimensioned to the human hand.
Hand-sized bricks are less likely to crack during drying
PRODUCTION OF BRICKS
Bricks are produced by a large number of relatively
small, widely dispersed factories from
a variety of local clays and shales.
grinding
screening
The raw material is dug from pits, crushed,
ground, and screened to reduce it

7. After molding the bricks are dried for 1 or
Then it is tempered with water to produce a plastic clay ready for forming/ moulding into bricks.
After molding the bricks are dried for 1 or
2 days in a low-temperature dryer kiln.
They are made into their final form by a process known as firing or burning
( °C)
moulding
firing

8. Frogs permit stronger bonding between units
Brick Size
A standard metric brick has coordinating dimensions of 225 x x 75 mm called nominal size and
working dimensions (actual dimensions) of 215 x x 65 mm called architectural size.
Frogs permit stronger bonding between units
There is no truly standard brick

9. SOLID UNITS
1. Facing bricks - for both structural and nonstructural uses where appearance is important.
2. Building bricks – where appearance
does not matter, such as in masonry walls that will be
concealed in the finished work.
HOLLOW UNITS
up to 60 percent void
and are used primarily to enable the
insertion and grouting of steel reinforcing
bars in masonry brick walls

10. CUSTOM MOULDED BRICKS
Bricks made into any shape
PAVING BRICKS
paving of walks, drives,
and patios
FIRE BRICKS
are used for the lining
of furnaces.
made from special clays, called fireclays/ refractory clays
resistance to very high temperatures
Firebricks are laid in very
thin joints of fireclay mortar.

11. For walls headers are used to bond
Laying Bricks
simplest brick wall is a single wall thick of
stretcher courses
Rowlock courses - for
caps on garden walls and for sloping sills under windows
soldier courses for visual emphasis - window
lintels or tops of walls.
For walls headers are used to bond
the units together into a structural
unit.

12. Three quarter bat
Queen closer bat

13. Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian 13
Brick laying and bonding
It is easy to lay with little waste and composed entirely of stretchers set in rows, offset by half a brick.
used mostly in interior settings because it is only applicable in thin-walled settings.
thinnest of brick wall settings. This is because it is only as thick as one half of a brick.
Stretcher bond
Header Bond
English Bond
Flemish Bond
Stretcher bond
very common and used for creating a cavity wall, or a wall system that creates a cavity within itself. 
Building Construction I Sofia Sebastian

14. 2. Header Bond
Header bond is created by rows of headers, only displaced by half a brick on each row.
This bond is often use to create curved brickwork.
2,4, 6 COURSES

15. 3. English Bond A course of header and the next course of stretcher
Join the closer brick with the corner header

16. 4. Flemish Bond Alternate header and stretcher in each course
Join the closer brick with the corner header
Place each header centrally over a stretcher

17. STRETCHER BOND
ENGLISH BOND
FLEMISH BOND

18. The procedure for building brick walls
The procedure for building brick walls. This example is a single BRICK of running bond.

19. The procedure for building brick walls. This example is running bond.

20. building brick walls

21. Joint tooling profiles for brickwork
Weathered joint
Concave joint
V joint
Flush joint
Raked joint
Stripped joint
Struck joint

22. Joint tooling profiles for brickwork

23. Reinforced Brick Masonry
deformed steel reinforcing bars used in concrete
to strengthen a brick wall or lintel