PEV-Grid Coordination David P. Tuttle, Ph. D PEV-Grid Coordination David P. Tuttle, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin Energy Institute dptuttle@energy.utexas.edu

PEV-Grid Coordination PEVs (Plug-in Electric Vehicles) are Large, Flexible, & Intelligent new loads (parked for 22+ hrs/day) Utilities are attracted to PEV driven load growth, particularly with off-peak charging - DR, Intelligent Charging, V2G offer additional benefits beyond increased revenue Dr. David P. Tuttle

PEV Charging Locations Public - DC-Fast Charging (50-350kW) - Level-2 240V (3.3- 19.2kW) - Level-1 120V (1-1.44kW) Short Dwell Time - Intercity BEV Travel DCFC - Urban BEV DCFC Workplace & Fleets - DC-Fast Charging (50-350kW) - Level-2 240V (3.3- 19.2kW) - Level-1 120V (1-1.44kW) Long Dwell Time - Workday - Fleet overnight Home: - Level-2 240V - Level-1 120V Long Dwell Time - Home Charging The Type of PEV (BEV vs PHEV) influences the ability to manage charging

Long dwell time charging tends to be most flexible Location & Type of Charging can influence the ability to manage charging Long dwell time charging tends to be most flexible

Objective: Same EVSE Hardware with only Software Upgrades PEV-Grid Coordination Roadmap Residential/Workplace/Fleet Charging: Increasing Amounts of Capability Over Time 1st Generation (Today): Plug-In & Charge 2nd Generation: Basic DR 3rd Generation: Smart-Charging 4th Generation: V2G* Power flows To & From Vehicle Power flows Only To Vehicle No PEV-Grid Communications Capability Grid-EVSE/PEV Communications via: Home Broadband-Wi-Fi, Utility Backhaul, Cellular/Radio, Direct to Vehicle Vary Power Level/Direction to maximally Peak Shave, Align with Renewables, Mitigate Ramp Rates, Reduce Costs/Grid Stress Off-Peak Charging Encouraged via Utility EV-TOU tariffs Vary Charging to Peak Shave, Align with Renewables, Mitigate Ramp Rates, Reduce Costs/Grid Stress No Coordination: Immediate Charging Peak Shaving via Pause in Charging Little Impact Today Given Modest Number of Vehicles Program Charge Time via Car Console, Browser, or App Utility DR Signals Similar to Smart Thermostats Utility and/or ISO/RTOs Coordinates with Vehicles Objective: Same EVSE Hardware with only Software Upgrades Dr. David P. Tuttle * Most Complex PEV-Grid Interaction