Civil Service and buying influence

Patronage and Reform Patronage- the giving of government jobs to people who help a candidate get elected. Reformers push requirements on Civil Service, government administration, jobs.

Rutherford B. Hayes Failed convincing Congress to support reform. Created commission to investigate nation's customhouses. Fired two officials in New York upsetting Conkling. Conkling followers known as Stalwarts. 

Garfield and Arthur James Garfield elected President Chester Arthur V.P. (Stalwart) Garfield assassinated by a stalwart. Arthur passes Pendleton Civil Service Act

Pendleton Civil Service Act Authorized a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to federal jobs through a merit system based on candidate's performance on an association. 

Grover Cleveland Only President to serve two nonconsecutive terms 1st term- fails to lower tariff rates. 2nd Term- Refused to sign bill lowering tariffs, due to federal income tax.

Look over cross word and notes to this point for quiz.

Technologies at the turn of the 20th Century

Printing Press 1890 U.S. literacy rate = 90% American Mills Electrically powered web perfecting press. 

George Eastman 1st creates new film that was more flexible. When professionals did not use film created the kodak camera.

Orville and Wilbur Wright Made bicycles Brothers first made a glider Commissioned a four- cylinder combustion engine  1st successful flight Dec. 17, 1903 @ Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. 

Wright Brothers first flight was 12 Seconds. Everybody will create a paper plane and make designs on it.