Section 2 pg 219 Dealing with Other Nations Chapter 6 Section 2 pg 219 Dealing with Other Nations

Pg 219 Relations w/ Spain At the time of the War of 1812, the US and Haiti were the only parts of the Americas not under European control Spain controlled more territory in the Americas than any other European country

Spain’s control in Florida was weak Pg 219 Spain’s control in Florida was weak Many enslaved African Americans who escaped from plantations in Georgia and Alabama crossed into Florida Joined the Seminole Nation Seminoles often crossed into the US and raided settlements In 1817, the US gov’t sent Andrew Jackson to recapture those who had escaped slavery He attacked and destroyed Seminole villages He went beyond his orders: seized 2 important Spanish towns and forced the governor to flee Florida

Pg 219 Jackson’s attack showed that the US could take Florida whenever they wanted In the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819, Spain ceded (gave up) Florida to the US

Spanish Colonies Win Independence Pg 220 Spanish Colonies Win Independence By 1810, the people in the Spanish colonies began to oppose Spanish rule Had been inspired by the American and French revolutions

Pg 220 Mexico Breaks Away Mexico’s struggle for independence began in 1810 Father Miguel Hidalgo organized an army of NAs that freed several Mexican providences In 1811, Hidalgo was captured and executed by Spanish troops

Revolution broke out in 1820 and this time the Spanish were unable to stop the fighting In 1821, Spain agreed to give Mexico independence At first they were ruled by a emperor In 1823, the monarch was overthrown and a new constitution made Mexico a federal republic of 19 states and 4 territories Pg 220

Independence for South and Central America Pg 220 Independence for South and Central America South America was also affected by revolutionary change Best known leader for the struggle for independence in this area was Simon Bolivar (often called the Liberator) In August 1819, he led an army on a march from Venezuela over the ice-capped Andes Mtns and into Colombia Defeated the Spanish and became president of the Republic of Great Columbia

In 1822, Brazil announced independence from Portugal Pg 221 The ppl of Central America declared their independence from Spain in 1821 2 yrs later formed the United Provinces of Central America In 1822, Brazil announced independence from Portugal By 1825, most of Latin America was free of European rule

Pg 221 The Monroe Doctrine Soon several European powers (including France and Russia) decided they might help Spain regain its colonies President James Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams, and Britain were worried this would hurt their trade with the new countries In 1823, the British suggested the 2 countries act together to protect the freedoms of the new nations

Pg 221 Adams told Monroe he thought the US should act alone, otherwise we would look like Britain’s junior partners Monroe agreed In a message to Congress in Dec. 1823, the President stated what became known as the Monroe Doctrine The US would not allow European nations to create American colonies or interfere w/ the free nations of Latin America and we would consider any attempt as “dangerous to our peace and safety”

Relations w/ Canada Pg 222 Canada remained a British colony after the American Revolution In 1791, the country was divided into 2 parts Upper Canada was mainly English, and Lower Canada was mainly French In 1837, there were rebellions against British rule in both parts of Canada

Pg 222 Although the British put down the rebellions, they decided to give Canadians more power of self-gov’t (the right of ppl to rule themselves independently) The Act of Union of 1841 merged Canada’s 2 parts into one governed by a Canadian legislature, but Britain had ultimate control Although tensions between Canada and the US were high during the War of 1812, the situation slowly improved after the war Between 1818 and 1846, the US and British settled several border disputes regarding Canada