Unit 3 ~ Chapter 8 Types of Marriages Around the World

Royal Anthropological Institute’s Definition: What is marriage? No definition of marriage is broad enough to apply easily to all _________ and ___________; therefore, we start with this commonly quoted definition by the… Royal Anthropological Institute’s Definition: Marriage is a __________ between a _________ and a ______________ such that the ___________ born to the woman are recognized as ________________ of both ____________________.

This definition isn’t ____________ valid for several reasons, among them are: In many societies, marriages unite ______________ spouses (_________________ marriages). Some societies recognize various kinds of __________________________________

There are two forms of polygamy: Plural Marriage Most _______________ food producing societies allow plural marriage, or ____________________. There are two forms of polygamy: ___________ - _______ has more than one _________ ___________ - __________ has more than one ________

Polygyny Most _________________ form of plural marriage. __________ marry when they are older (_____________) ______________ marry between _______________ When the women ____________ outlive their husbands, they _________ other polygynous unions as ____________.

The _________ of wives can indicate a man’s __________________________. ______________ can play ______________ roles, as representatives of different _______, ______________________, etc. For this to work, there has to be an ________________ among the existing spouses.

Polyandry ______________, mostly occurs in __________________- Tibet, ______________, India, and ____________________. Sometimes this is due to a __________________________ Sometimes the polyandry is _________________________ (a female marries all ____________________ in a family). Polyandry restricts the number of ________ and _________ This is effective in a society where resources are _____________

Same Sex Marriages As of _________, the United States Supreme Court stated that same sex marriages were legal in all _______________ Its also legal in ____________, Scotland, ______________, Wales, and many other European countries. South America & _____________________ Other societies/tribes allow same sex marriages as a necessity to preserve a family’s _______________________ (See next slide for example.)

Example: In Sudan, a Nuer woman can marry a woman if her father has _________________, but __________ to carry on the family’s name His daughter becomes the “___________________” husband of another woman. It is a _______________ relationship rather than a _____________ one. The “wife” has ___________________, whom the female “husband” ___________________, until she gets pregnant. The child is accepted as the offspring of ___________________and the ___________. Although the female husband is _______ the actual __________________ (the biological father of the children), she is the pater, or _________________________________father. Therefore, the ______________ descent line is continued.

Why do we marry? In many __________________ societies, there are two types of people: ______________________________ Marriage is one of the ________________ ways to convert strangers into _____________________ Therefore, __________________ (the practice of seeking a spouse outside of one’s group) is often necessary.

Exogamy Links people to a wider ___________________________ By forcing members to marry outside their society, a group increases its _____________________ In many cultures, marriage __________________ can be maintained between groups even when one ______________ _______________ - if a wife dies, the husband marries her sister _________ - a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband

Opposite of Exogamy is Endogamy _________________ - marrying a person from within your own group Examples include: 1. ________________________ System - must marry within your social class 2. ______________________ (including brother and sister) - only a _______________has the royal mana and is therefore the only appropriate wife for a king. (__________________ & N. Africa) 3. _________________________, also have practiced endogamy, but based on __________________ marriage rather than sibling marriage. This ensured _______________remained in same family lineage.

* In the United States, we see marriage as an _________________ decision, predicated upon ________________________ love. * Outside of ________________ societies, marriage is often a relationship between _______________, rather than individuals.

* Descent groups often assist with marriage by contributing the _____________, a customary _________ before, at, or after the marriage from the ____________ and his kin to the ___________ and her kin. * A _________________ compensates the bride’s group for the loss of her __________________ and _____________. Moreover, it makes the _________ born to the woman full members of the husband’s _________________ group.

* The opposite of a bridewealth is a ________, which is __________ or substantial _________ provided from the ___________ family to the ___________________ family. * A dowry correlates with _____ female __________. * Women are perceived as _______________. When husbands and their families take a wife, they expect to be ________________ for the added ___________ (best known from _________________)

Divorce - Ease of divorce varies among cultures: Marriages that are _________________ between groups are ____________ to break up than marriages that are more ___________________ affairs. Payments of ____________ also discourage divorce. Divorce is more common in countries where ____________ have more _________________ Divorce is harder in _____________ societies as the woman may be less inclined to leave her ___________

Divorce in the United States U.S. has one of the world’s _________ divorce rates The U.S. has a very large percentage of gainfully ______________________ women. Americans value _________________________ NOTE: ________________is illegal in America, but Americans do practice serial _____________, through multiple ____________________________________.