Diet, exercise and disease 4.2 Organisation

“People who exercise are healthier (less likely to develop non-communicable diseases) than those who don’t exercise.” WHY?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I1Lkyb6SU5U

Diet - the basics Healthy diets are balanced in the context of Proteins – build muscle and cells Carbohydrates- starch and sugars - energy Fats and oils – cell membranes and energy Minerals and vitamins - health Fibre – helps food move through the intestine Water – hydration of the body

Obesity How would you describe an obese person? Where does being overweight stop and obesity start?

Obesity – is also malnutrition However it can be linked to a persons genes, some families are more likely to become overweight without careful dietary control, particularly when linked with poor exercise routine

TOO MUCH FOOD AND TOO LITLE EXERCISE WILL LEAD TO Arthritis – worn joints Diabetes – high blood sugar level High blood pressure Heart and blood vessel disease (cardiovascular)

A question of balance To maintain your weight Energy intake = energy output Does a bricklayer need to eat more than a teacher? Do Eskimos need to eat more high energy foods than us?

Height to weight ratio

Body mass index BMI = weight Kg ÷ height2 m2 BMI Categories: Doctors can assess whether people are obese using BMI – however it is not totally reliable. What is your BMI? BMI = weight Kg ÷ height2 m2 BMI Categories: Underweight = <18.5 Normal weight = 18.5-24.9 Overweight = 25-29.9 Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

Fast foods High in fats and salt – not good if eaten to excess.

Research. Read Topic 7.4 Diet, exercise, and disease in your student book. You need to produce a flow diagram that will show the link between poor lifestyle choices and health. Use the sticky notes to write down facts or information from the student book about the effects of eating too much unhealthy food and not taking enough exercise. Now organise your facts into the following sequence: Unhealthy lifestyle choices Effect on the body Health problems that result Preventing the illness The facts show a direct pathway that suggests causal links between the unhealthy lifestyle and the health problem. Remember that pathways may branch, for example, if there is more than one effect on the body from an unhealthy lifestyle choice.

Exam question

Mark scheme M1.(a) (i) 64 (ii) 36 allow e.c.f from (i) i.e. 100 − answer given in (a)(i) (iii) any one from: • only considers 16-year-olds ignore lack of evidence allow does not refer to all ages • only about some / 5 countries allow does not refer to all countries. (b) the more exercise done the healthier a person is allow the more exercise done the higher the health rating allow the less exercise done the lower the health rating (c) having a high cholesterol level (d) (i) antibodies (ii) antibiotics [7]