Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code Proteins – long chains of _____________ (polypeptides) in a sequence specified by the genetic code amino acids The protein hemoglobin made of 4 polypeptide subunits

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code 20 ___ different amino acids create the polypeptide chains (a.k.a. proteins)

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code A sequence of __ letters on mRNA codes for ____ specific amino acid 3 one 3 letters is considered a "word" _______ – a 3-letter word of mRNA coding for 1 amino acid codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis The Genetic Code 64 ways that 4 letters can be combined into 3 codons Note: most amino acids have more than one codon AUG is methionine (met codon)…the “_______" codon of mRNA start There are 3 "stop" codons signal end of protein synthesis

___________: the Process of Decoding mRNA into a Protein Translation To translate: changing from one language to another In the cell, the nucleic acid is translated into a protein I Want to Hold Your Hand Komm, Gib Mir Deine Hand

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation Occurs on a __________ free in the cytoplasm or on a ribosome attached to the rough-ER ribosome

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation Before translation, mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus and then moves to ___________ cytoplasm

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Translation mRNA attaches to ribosome A specific amino acid is brought to the ribosome by a _______ tRNA Each tRNA carries 1 specific amino acid 3 unpaired bases at bottom of tRNA (anticodon) are complementary to mRNA codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome rRNA (ribosome) codon mRNA

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome Transfers amino acid from tRNA to growing polypeptide 1st codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 1st codon 2nd codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 2nd codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome - Forms bond between new amino acid and previous one - Breaks bond between new amino acid and tRNA that brought it in - Moves down to next codon on mRNA 2nd codon 3rd codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome - polypeptide grows by adding more _____________until stop codon is reached amino acids 3rd codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 3rd codon 4th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4th codon 5th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 4th codon 5th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome 5th codon 6th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Functions of the Ribosome is a STOP codon It causes the ribosome to release the amino acids and leave. part of a protein 6th codon

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Molecular Basis of Heredity Information is transferred from DNA  RNA  proteins (a few exceptions…virus) DNA mRNA tRNA rRNA (ribosome) blueprint codon mRNA foreman supplies carpenters

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis Molecular Basis of Heredity Genes make proteins; proteins build body or operate cells