Unit 7: Molecular Genetics

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein. Making a protein Many RNAs needed –mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Advertisements

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

DNA: Transcription & Translation How do we go from DNA to PROTEIN?

8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation

Traits, such as eye color, are determined By proteins that are built according to The instructions specified in the DNA.

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

Making Proteins From DNA to Protein. What is transcription? Transcription = The process of making RNA from DNA’s instructions.

Chapter 13: RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.

CFE Higher Biology DNA and the Genome Translation.

Protein Synthesis 1 Background Information All information is stored in DNA All information is stored in DNA RNA “reads” the DNA code RNA “reads” the.

General Biology Notes TRANSLATION A.K.A. PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Central Dogma DNA  RNA  Protein. …..Which leads to  Traits.

Protein Synthesis The majority of genes are expressed as the proteins they encode. The process occurs in 2 steps: 1. Transcription (DNA---> RNA) 2. Translation.

Protein Synthesis Process that makes proteins

Transcription & Translation Transcription DNA is used to make a single strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA base pairs. The enzyme used is.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

11.5 NOTES: DNA TRANSLATION Notes: DNA Translation What does it mean to Translate? Translating the nucleic acid language to the protein language….using.

Chapter 10: DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Translation Section 11-2 cont.. Transcription Translation 20 different amino acids 20 different amino acids A group of three nucleotides in mRNA code.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

DNA and Protein Synthesis A blueprint for life. Protein Synthesis is divided into 2 parts in Eukaryotes:Transcription and Translation Transcription is.

Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 9 Gene Expression and Regulation.

8.5 Translation KEY CONCEPT Translation converts an mRNA message into a protein.

CHAPTER 10 “HOW PROTEINS ARE MADE”. Learning Targets  I will compare the structure of RNA with that of DNA.  I will summarize the process of transcription.

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Chapter 10 Section 1 By PresenterMedia.com PresenterMedia.com.

Chapter – 10 Part II Molecular Biology of the Gene - Genetic Transcription and Translation.

Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10 section 4

How to Make a Protein?.

Do Now: Imagine you have an original Michaelangelo painting

Gene Expression Continued

RNA Another Nucleic Acid.

Chapter 11: From DNA to Protein

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis PART 2

Protein Synthesis: Translation

Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation

Amino Acid Activation And Translation.

Biology Chapter 10 Section 1 Part 2

From Genes to Proteins.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Translation (Protein Synthesis) RNA  protein.

Cell Protein Production

Nucleic Acids: RNA Ribonucleic Acid: RNA

Transcription Steps to Transcribe DNA:

Protein Synthesis Translation

RNA - TRANSLATION.

Translation and Transcription

Protein Synthesis RNA.

GENE EXPRESSION / PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Protein Synthesis.

Steps of Translation.

Do Now: Imagine you have an original Michaelangelo painting

Translation: Protein Synthesis

Transcription Using DNA to make RNA.

DNA & Gene Expression Transcription & Translation

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

12-3 RNA & Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis.

4a. Know the general pathway by which ribosomes synthesize proteins, using tRNAs to translate genetic information in mRNA.

The Production of Proteins by DNA

Presentation transcript:

Unit 7: Molecular Genetics 7.4 Protein Synthesis: Translation

Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA): a form of RNA that carries the instructions from the DNA in the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis in the cell: the ribosome! The instructions are written as 3 nucleotide sequences called codons Each codon corresponds to an amino acid or a start or stop signal for translation Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): a type of RNA that is found in the ribosome and accounts for 80% of the RNA found in the cell. Carries instructions for the enzyme that binds amino acids together. Transfer RNA (tRNA): single strands of RNA that temporarily carries a specific amino acid on one end. Contains the anticodon: a 3 nucleotide sequence on a tRNA that is complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand.

Translation The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins. Takes place at the ribosome (in the cytoplasm of the cell), which attach to the mRNA and travel its length.

Steps of Translation mRNA leaves the nucleus and joins to rRNA subunits in the ribosomes. The tRNA that carries the amino acid Methionine binds to the start codon on the mRNA strand, AUG. AUG signals the start of translation. The next codon on the mRNA strand binds to the anticodon on the tRNA strand carrying a specific amino acid. An enzyme binds the two amino acids carried by the tRNA, forming a peptide bond. The tRNA detaches, leaving behind its bonded amino acid.

Steps (cont.) The ribosomes, containing rRNA, moves down the mRNA strand to the next codon. A tRNA carrying the amino acid specified by the new codon arrives. The new amino acid is bonded to the amino acid chain and the tRNA in the detaches again. Steps 2-6 are repeated until a stop codon is reached. Stop codons are: UAG, UAA, or UGA There is no complementary anticodon to these stop codons so there will be no tRNA to fit into this spot. When that happens, the amino acid chain is released into the cell.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bLEDd-PSTQ

Summary of Protein Synthesis: In the nucleus, DNA uncoils and unzips  RNA nucleotides pair up with DNA bases to form mRNA  mRNA travels to the ribosomes  tRNA adds amino acids using the mRNA strand  a protein is formed All cells have the same DNA, but differ due to some genes being expressed in some cells and not others.