The Age of Revolution 1750-1850

A Period of Revolution The late 18th century marks the beginning of an intense period of revolution against existing governments American Revolution French Revolution Haitian Revolution Latin American Revolutions The spreading of Enlightenment thought that questioned the established traditions in all areas of life influenced these revolutions

Popular Sovereignty Enlightenment thought provoked the idea of popular sovereignty Notion that the legitimate political control rests with the people who make up a society, not kings This will be the basis for many of the political revolutions that occur between 1750-1850

American Revolution Laws passed by the English government to limit expansion as well as pass taxes on the American colonies American colonies looking for more independence On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence is issued War goes on until 1781

American Revolution In 1789, the U.S. sets up a new constitutional structure with checks and balances between the different branches of government as well as limited voting rights (to wealthy white males)

French Revolution France was in economic turmoil in 1780’s Society divided into ancien regime (Three Estates) King Louis XVI forced to call Estates General in 1789 3rd estate delegates only have one vote Tennis Court Oath July 1789

French Revolution 3rd Estate declare themselves the National Assembly Write The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen Based on ideas of Declaration of Independence and other Enlightenment ideas King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette have no real power anymore

Reign of Terror 1792-1793 were the radical phase of revolution known as Reign of Terror Led by Robespierre and the Jacobins

The Execution of King Louis XVI Reign of Terror A new device comes to symbolize the French Revolution during the Reign of Terror – the guillotine: The Execution of King Louis XVI

Reign of Terror During this period, tens of thousands of French people are executed for not supporting the Revolution Meanwhile, war is raging across France and spreading into neighboring countries among those that support traditional monarchy and those that support democracy

Napoleon By 1799 and new government known as the Directory is set up in France Five men elected to share power A young military leader, Napoleon Bonaparte, will eventually take control of it By 1804 Napoleon has conquered a large empire across Europe and declares himself Emperor

Napoleon Under the rule of Napoleon, Parliament is reduced in power, but religious freedom, equality for men, education were promoted

Napoleon In 1815, Napoleon is finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by forces made up of different European countries This finally brings to a close the period known as the French Revolution 1789-1815

Haitian Revolution Led by former slave Toussaint Louverture against the French colonizers This revolution was inspired by the examples in America and France Napoleon sends forces to put it down, but they are unable to Becomes known as the first successful slave revolt in history Achieves independence in 1804

Latin American Revolutions CAUSES Political and Social Inequality Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos Mulattoes Native Amer./Africans/Zambos Enlightenment Ideas Napoleon’s Actions Success of Other Revolutions

Leaders of Latin American Independence Movements Simon Bolivar Father Miguel Hidalgo Dom Pedro Jose San Martin Augustin de Iturbide