Imagine your cousin was the king of England. He promised you the throne. When he died, he gave the throne to someone else. What would you do?

Background of England The Romans The Saxons The Vikings Julius Caesar invades Britannia 55-54 BC The Saxons Departure of Romans in A.D. 410 Saxons, Angles, and Jutes Britain became England The Vikings Invasion begins in the 9th Century

Prediction & Thinking FACT: It is called the Bayeux Tapestry and is over 200 feet long and tells the entire story of the Battle of Hastings. Based on this artwork, what predictions can you make about the people in it? They are called the Normans.

Edward the Confessor - King of England

Harold Godwinson

King Harold Godwin His Father, Godwin, was a powerful Earl of Wessex After Edward’s death, he claimed that he should get the throne Was the last Anglo-Saxon king before the Norman Conquest His reign lasted less than a year He was arguably the most powerful man in England at his time Defeated Harald Hardraada and his own brother Tostig at the battle of Stamford Bridge Is one of the two monarchs in British history, who died in a battle (the other is Richard III) He was defeated at the Battle of Hastings by William the Conqueror

King Harold Hardraada

Harald Hardraada He was the king of Norway from 1047 until 1066 He was also claimed to be the King of Denmark Among English people, he is recognized for his invasion of England He won a great victory against the first English forces he met His forces were cut through easily by King Harold’s army. Harald died fighting at the final battle against Harold’s forces

William I – The Conquerer

William I In 1032 became William of Normandy He had altogether nine children Defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings The King of England from 1066 to his death in 1087 In 1066 was crowned as the King of England in Westminster Abbey In 1086 he ordered the Domesday Book On 9 September 1087 he died

Let’s locate the Normans Normandy & Hastings

The Story William was the duke of Normandy. In 1051 William visited England and met with Edward, his cousin. Edward was childless, so he promised to make William king when he died. On Edward’s death bed he granted the kingdom to Harold Godwin. Edward died in 1066 and Harold claimed the throne. William was not happy! He disputed this claim!

Autumn of 1066 Sept. 1st – Hardrada and Tostig land in England and slaughter everyone in Scarborough Sept. 20th – Hardrada defeats an English force at Fulford Gate Sept. 25th - King Harold marches to Stamford Bridge and defeats King Hardrada and Tostig in battle. Sept 28th- William landed in England Oct 13th- Harold arrived near Hastings, England with his army. Oct 14th- William leads the battle against King Harold

Main Event Harold Godwinson met William, Duke of Normandy at Hastings, a city on the southern coast of England The video is a BBC presentation. It lasts about 7 minutes

The Battle of Hastings Took place in 1066, at Seniac Hill Two sides were the Normans and the English Around 8000 men died Harold was killed The Normans won and William was crowned the King of England

Death of Harold Godwinson

The Normans: The Battle of Hastings: William the Conqueror The Norman conquest of England began on 28 September 1066 with the invasion of England by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and his victory at the Battle of Hastings on 14 October 1066 over King Harold II of England. Harold's army was badly depleted in the English victory at the Battle of Stamford Bridge in Northern England on 25 September 1066 over the army of King Harald III of Norway. By early 1071, William had secured control of most of England, although rebellions and resistance continued to approximately 1088.   The Norman conquest was a pivotal event in English history. It largely removed the native ruling class, replacing it with a foreign, French-speaking monarchy, aristocracy, and clerical hierarchy. This, in turn, brought about a transformation of the English language and the culture of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England. By bringing England under the control of rulers originating in France, the Norman conquest linked the country more closely with continental Europe, lessened Scandinavian influence, and also set the stage for a rivalry with France that would continue intermittently for many centuries. It also had important consequences for the rest of the British Isles, paving the way for further Norman conquests in Wales and Ireland, and the extensive penetration of the aristocracy of Scotland by Norman and other French-speaking families, with the accompanying spread of continental institutions and cultural influences. Describe the changes instituted by William over his new territories after being name King of England.

William as King William had a profound effect on England. To reward his Norman supporters and punish the Anglo-Saxons who had supported Harold, William took most English titles from the Anglo-Saxons and gave them to his Normans. As of a census taken approximately 20 years after the conquest shows. Only a very few Anglo-Saxon lords maintained their status and land.

William’s Legacy Normans became the ruling class and the Old English were now a part of the lower classes. William spoke French and though he tried to learn English, he was not successful. None of his Norman occupiers learned to speak English either. Many French and Latin words made their way into the English language and changed it forever. It was not until the 1600s that English once again became the dominant language in England. Even so, it was a different language than that spoken prior to William’s arrival.

English words derived from French attorney from the Old French atourné jail from Old French jaiole (meaning cage), parliament from Anglo-Latin parliamentum, from Old French parlement, from parler to speak, soldier from Old French soudier treaty from Old French traité, juice from Old French jus, sausage from Old Norman French saussiche, Many words were also from Latin. I just only used words more directly derived from French in the examples.

William’s Legacy To better understand (and tax) his new subjects, William created a detailed census book which listed every man, woman, and animal in England. This book, known as the Domesday Book, was commissioned in 1085 and was the first census taken since the collapse of the Roman Empire. This established claim for the Normans who were given land by William. It was used for centuries to determine land rights There would not be as comprehensive a census taken again until the 1900s. Pronounced “doomsday” The Domesday Book gives historians today a detailed account of life in England in the late 1000s. It told how much land each member of the aristocracy controlled. How many knights existed and how much service they owed to their overlords and their king. The Domesday Book established claim for the Normans who were given land by William after his conquest.

William’s Legacy Every ruler of England since William the Conqueror can trace their ancestry back to him. His introduction of Norman administrators has been credited with making England a world power.

The Bayeux Tapestry The Bayeux Tapestry is a 50 cm by 70 m long embroidered cloth – not an actual tapestry It explains the events leading up to the 1066 Norman invasion of England as well as the invasion itself It was made by the noble Saxon women of Bayeux, France to commemorate the victory at Hastings The main colors are terracotta or russet, blue-green, dull gold, olive green and blue

Bishop Odo William’s half-brother who fought at Hastings .

Bayeux Tapestry- 230 feet long