Genetically Modified Organisms Maddie Wager & MacKenzie Summers

What is it? Scientists isolate a specific gene from one organism and transfer it into the genetic material of another, often very different, organism to produce a genetically modified organism. Through this manipulation of specific genes, scientists are able to rapidly produce organisms with desirable traits that may have otherwise been impossible to develop through traditional breeding techniques.

BENEFITS Offer the possibility of better food quality and quantity- reduce world hunger, essential nutrients are produced for humans, organisms are resistant to pests and harsh environmental conditions (drought, high salinity) Reduce pesticide use- some genetically modified organisms have increased resistance to pests, and therefore reduce the need for pesticides. Yield for high profits for the agribusiness- reduce expenses of crops on farms, produce greater yields increasing revenue, higher income for farmers, lower food prices for consumers.

DRAWBACKS Increasing concerns about GMOS safety for human consumption- may cause unnecessary allergic reactions. What effects they will have on biodiversity- rising concern that the spreading of modified genes might alter or eliminate natural plant varieties. Regulation of GMOS- there are currently no laws mandated that require labeling of GMOS; many people believe that labels might suggest to people that there is something wrong with the GMOS.

Extra facts Each year, industrial agriculture relies more and more heavily on genetically modified crops. Genetically modified seeds produced 88 percent of the corn, 93 percent of the soybeans, and 94 percent of the cotton planted in the U.S during 2012.

Genetic engineering vs. Artificial selection Genetic engineering and artificial selection are both processes that allow humans to change a species so that its members are better suited for human needs. However, the mechanism for each is different. Artificial selection selects for traits that are already present in a species, whereas genetic engineering creates new traits. seedless watermelon