1. Done by: Alisa Insyirah Rashvin Pamela

2.  Food items that have had their DNA changed through genetic engineering.  Conventional method was through time-tested conventional breeding of plants and animals.  GMO combines genes from different organisms (this is known as recombinant DNA technology), and the resulting organism is said to be "genetically modified," "genetically engineered," or "transgenic."  GM products include medicines and vaccines, foods and food ingredients, feeds, and fibers.

3.  Biotechnology is not very precise.  During the genetic manipulation process, the location where a gene is inserted into an organism's genetic code is uncontrollable.  Also a stable expression of the gene into the new genetically engineered organism is not guaranteed.  This is why when scientists tried to clone an animal; they ended up with hundreds of deformities and other mutations before they finally succeeded.

4. Example 1:  Scientists discovered an anti-freeze gene in a plant in Antarctica  They isolated the gene sequence responsible for the Antarctic plant's frost resistance and inserted it into a test plant  They found that found that under certain conditions the test plant had the same frost- resistant characteristics.

5. Example 2:  DNA from the flounder fish (which produces a kind of natural anti-freeze in this cold-water species) introduced into GMO fruits to provide greater frost-resistance.

6.  Higher crop yield by:  Unexpected frost can destroy sensitive seedlings. With an antifreeze gene, these plants are able to tolerate cold temperatures that normally would kill unmodified seedlings Economic benefits:  Reduced economic losses due to frost than from any other weather-related phenomenon.

7.  The increasing use of GM in major crops has caused a major power shift in agriculture towards Biotechnology companies, which are gaining more control over the production chain of crops and food, and over the farmers that use their products.  "They're now turning those seeds into intellectual property, so they have a virtual lock on the seeds upon which we all depend for our food and survival." - Jeremy Rifkin

8.  Threat to biodiversity  Accidental gene transfer to non- target species (eg. Weeds  superweeds- harder to kill)  Insect pests will develop resistance to the new genes (organic crops will suffer even more)  Threat to our health  Might be allergic to the gene (Brazil nut genes combined into soybeans- people allergic to that nut go into anaphylactic shock and can cause death)

9.  http://www.disabled- world.com/fitness/gm-foods.php http://www.disabled- world.com/fitness/gm-foods.php  http://www.gmfreeireland.org/crops/index. php http://www.gmfreeireland.org/crops/index. php  http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfo od/overview.php http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfo od/overview.php  http://www.geneticengineering.net/atomat ofishorafishtomato.htm http://www.geneticengineering.net/atomat ofishorafishtomato.htm  http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/s akko.html http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/s akko.html