1. GMO vs Selective breeding
By Shay Townson

2. A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the result of a laboratory process where genes from the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant or animal. The foreign genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.
GMO

3. GMOs have many techniques and methods for creating them some examples of this are Gene Silencing, Bacterial Carriers, Electroporation, and Gene Splicing.
Gene Silencing
Gene Silencing is when an engineer “silences” the gene that causes an undesired trait. This can be very useful if a certain gene activates an allergic reaction that gene could be “silenced.”
Bacterial Carriers
Bacterial Carriers are used to deliver into the cell by physically adding a wanted gene into a Bacterial and then plants in a plant to add the gene to the plant.
Electroporation
Electroporation is when the targets cells are placed in a solution with the chosen DNA with a strong brief electric shock causing the walls of the cell to tear allowing in the DNA. The Cells are then put in another solution to repair the damage brought on by the electric shock trapping the DNA inside.
Gene Splicing
In Gene Splicing biotechnologists modify DNA, and then add it into the target host cells to allow for the genes and resulting traits to be modified.
GMO types

4. GMO Stats Alfalfa (first planting 2011)
Canola (approx. 90% of U.S. crop)
Corn (approx. 88% of U.S. crop in 2011)
Cotton (approx. 90% of U.S. crop in 2011)
Papaya (most of Hawaiian crop; approximately 988 acres)
Soy (approx. 94% of U.S. crop in 2011)
Sugar Beets (approx. 95% of U.S. crop in 2010)
Zucchini and Yellow Summer Squash (approx. 25,000 acres)
GMO Stats

5. Gmo: pros and cons PROS CONS Unintended Harm to Other Organisms
Pest Resistance
Herbicide Tolerance
Disease Resistance
Cold Tolerance
Drought or Salinity Tolerance
Nutrition
Pharmaceuticals
Phytoremediation
CONS
Unintended Harm to Other Organisms
Reduced Effectiveness of Pesticides
Gene Transfer to Non-Target Species
Human Health Risks
Economic Concerns
Very Hard to Get Rid of
Gmo: pros and cons

6. Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder.
Selective Breeding

7. Selective Breeding: Types Animals
There are three main approached to selective breeding in animals is Outcrossing, Line Breeding, and Inbreeding.
Outcrossing
Outcrossing is mating two animals for about 4 to 6 generations to make sure that the trait is more numerous than it was before, but is only worth it when the genetic variation for a trait is high.
Line Breeding
Line Breeding is when you mate related animals like half siblings, cousins, aunts, and nephews. It is really only effective if the trait or traits continues to show in the offspring.
Inbreeding
Inbreeding is when directly related animals are mated to create uniformities, prepotency, and to force out latent weaknesses from the gene pool.
Selective Breeding: Types Animals

8. Selective breeding: Plants
Some types of selective breeding in plants are Mass Selection, Pure-line Selection, and Hybridization to make it simple.
Mass Selection
Mass selection is when seeds from desirable appearing individuals for the next generation to be planted from eliminating undesired traits.
Pure-line Selection
Pure-Line Selection has 3 steps involving selecting superior appearing plants form a genetically variable population, then grown and evaluated by observation over several years, finally it is determined whether or not the new plants are better than their relatives.
Hybridization
Hybridization is mating carefully selected plants to combine desirable genes found in two or more different varieties and to produce pure- breeding offspring.
Selective breeding: Plants

9. Selective Breeding: Pros and Cons
Increase the Food Supply
Increase the Levels of Protein in Forage Crops
Allow Plants to Grow Areas Not Originally Suited to Them
Possibility of a Huge Die of
Modified Plants Could Use Up More Than Thought Killing the Locate Environment
Selective Breeding: Pros and Cons