Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

The Photosynthesis Equation 6 CO2   +   6 H2O +  sunlight    C6H12O6  +  6 O2  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy    sugar + oxygen What is it?  Plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars. Plants use some of the sugar for food. The cells break down the sugar molecules to release the energy they contain. Where does it happen? In chloroplasts: Some sugar molecules are converted into other compounds like cellulose. Other sugar molecules may be stored for later use. When you eat food made by plants, like carrots or potatoes, you are eating the plant's stored energy. Which organisms use it? Plants (land or water) and phytoplankton What do we call organisms that make their own food? Producers or “autotrophs”

The Two Stages of Photosynthesis Stage 1: Capturing the Sun's Energy What happens in stage 1?  Chloroplasts are green organelles inside plant cells.  The green color comes from pigments, colored chemical compounds that absorb light. The main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts is chlorophyll.  Chlorophyll captures light energy and uses it to power the second stage of photosynthesis.

The Two Stages of Photosynthesis Stage 2: Using Energy to Make Food What happens in stage 2?  Roots absorb the water and stomata absorbs the carbon dioxide. Stomata are small openings in the underside of leaves. water and carbon dioxide in the leaves moves into the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts use the water and carbon dioxide and with the energy from the 1st stage, undergo a series of chemical reactions. The reactions produce products: sugar that has 6 carbon atoms. Sugars are a type of carbohydrate. Cells can use the energy in sugar to carry out important cell functions. oxygen, which leaves the leaf through the stomata. Almost all the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere is produced through photosynthesis.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration C6H12O6  +  6 O2 6 CO2   +  6 H2O + Energy (ATP)   sugar + oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Chemical Energy What is it?  cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars, like glucose Where does it happen? in organelles called mitochondria Which organisms use it? Plant AND animal cells both have mitochondria

Two Stages of Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Happens where Two Stages of Cellular Respiration Stage 1: Happens where? in the Cytoplasm What happens in stage 1?  Glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down into smaller molecules, releasing energy Smaller molecules move into the mitochondria

Two Stages of Cellular Respiration Stage 2: Happens where Two Stages of Cellular Respiration Stage 2: Happens where? in the Mitochondria What happens in stage 2?  Smaller molecules (glucose break-down products) move into the mitochondria. Oxygen enters the cell & goes into the mitochondria. As the smaller molecules are broken down even further, hydrogen is released in a way that allows cells to capture energy in a usable form. The hydrogen combines with oxygen to make water. Products: energy, carbon dioxide, and water. Some of the energy is transferred to other molecules, which carry the energy where it is needed for the activities of the cell. Remaining energy is released as heat. Carbon dioxide formed during cellular respiration is released by the cell.