Identifying the Need for Instruction What is the actual problem, and will instruction or training solve the problem? 2 2

Objectives Describe the four steps of a Needs Assessment Describe six categories of needs and the associated data sources. Describe four types of performance problems and the associated solutions. 3 3

A Needs Assessment A tool for identifying a problem and selecting an appropriate intervention or solution. summarize actual and optimal situation identify gap and need determine performance problems and causes recommend solutions 4 4

Outcomes of a Needs Assessment Clear description of the problem, supported by data. Appropriate solution recommendation. Pinpoint the problem. Confirm the causes. Recommend solutions. 15 15

Sources of Information Supervisors - Administration Employees - Teachers Management - Superintendent School Board Content Experts - Teachers

Sources of Information reports surveys interviews journals discussions assessments observations questionnaires

Step 1 of a Needs Assessment Summarize the actual and optimal situation.

Needs Assessment current situation (what is) Actual 8 8

Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation (what is) desired situation (what should be) Optimal 10 10

Step 2 of a Needs Assessment Summarize the actual and optimal situation. Identify the gap and need.

gap Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation (what is) desired situation (what should be) Optimal 12 12

the need gap Needs Assessment Actual Optimal current situation (what is) Actual the need gap desired situation (what should be) Optimal 13 13

Types of Needs Normative Need Comparative Need Comparing the target audience against a national standard Comparative Need Comparing target audience against an external standard (benchmarking)

Types of Needs Felt Need Expressed Need Is a desire or want that an individual has to improve either his or her performance or that of the target audience. (not acted upon) Expressed Need A felt need turned into action (something someone has done to express a need, i.e. enrolled in a class)

Types of Needs Anticipated or Future Needs Critical Incident needs Identifying what people need to know in the future. Critical Incident needs Failures that are rare but have significant consequences.

Step 3 of a Needs Assessment Summarize the actual and optimal situation. Identify the gap and need. Determine performance problems and causes.

Performance Problems (Cause) Lack of skill or knowledge Flawed environment Few or improper incentives Motivation 16 16

Performance Assessment Fishbone Diagram Causes Performance Problem

Performance Assessment Fishbone Diagram Skills and Knowledge Environment Motivation Incentives

Performance Assessment Fishbone Diagram Skills and Knowledge Environment Don’t understand changing work environment Very chaotic Too loud Resisting change High Employee Turnover New Procedures are not well defined Current incentive system is not working Lack of available training classes Motivation Incentives

Step 4 of a Needs Assessment Summarize the actual and optimal situation. Identify the gap and need. Determine performance problems and causes. Determine solutions.

Performance Problems & Solutions Lack of Skills / Knowledge Training Job Aids Selection

Performance Problems & Solutions Lack of Skills / Knowledge Training Job Aids Selection Flawed Environment Improved tools Improved forms Workplace re-design Job re-design

Performance Problems & Solutions Improper Incentives Improved policies Better supervision Improved incentives

Performance Problems & Solutions Improper Incentives Improved policies Better supervision Improved incentives Unmotivated Employees Training Information Coaching Better supervision

Summary Summarize the actual and optimal situation. Identify the gap and need. Determine performance problems and causes. Determine solutions.

~ Your Assignment ~ Using the Needs Analysis template, write a needs analysis. Identify the audience Identify the general content area Complete all steps of the needs assessment Summarize actual and optimal situation Identify gap or need Determine performance problems and causes Determine solutions

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