1.2.5 – Active lifestyles and your skeletal system Learning objectives To be able to describe the functions of the skeleton To be able to recognise and label a skeleton. To be able to classify the different types of bones. To describe the regions of the vertebrae and their function.

BONES Without your skeleton you would be a shapeless sack of flesh. The adult skeleton has 206 bones.

Functions of the skeleton The skeleton performs many functions in the body. Shape – The skeleton gives us our shape and size. Support – The skeleton supports the muscles. Protection – The skeleton protects delicate parts of the body like the brain. Movement – Muscles are attached to the bones and move them creating levers. Blood cell production – blood cells are made in the bone marrow.

Shape Your skeleton affects your body shape and size. Bones play an important part in determining your height and build. Some sports are more suited to people of a particular size or body shape. This means that your skeleton and bone size can affect your performance in different sports. For example, weightlifting favours individuals with strong, heavy bones. Link this to work on somatotypes.

Support The skeleton acts as a framework. It gives the body support, enabling us to stand. The bones of the body are held together by ligaments. The skeleton provides a framework for the muscles, which are attached to bones by tendons.

Protection Some of our body parts, such as the brain, are very delicate and need protection. Bones can protect body parts from impacts and injuries. The cranium protects … The rib cage protects ….

Movement Muscles are firmly attached to bones forming levers to allow movement.

Blood cell production Bone marrow within the long bones helps to produce red blood cells which carry oxygen, white blood cells to combat illness and platelets for clotting and healing. The ends of long bones and some other bones including the ribs, humerus, femur and even vertebrae bones, contain red bone marrow. This is where the blood cells are produced.

Bone names Cranium Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Pelvis Radius Ulna Patella (knee cap) Encourage students to learn both the common name and scientific name of each bone. Femur Tibia Fibula

Bone names Scapula Vertebral column

TIBIA = THICK bone in the lower leg Ways to remember certain bones: TARSALS = in the TOES CARPALS = in the hand ULNA = UNDER the radius TIBIA = THICK bone in the lower leg Carpals Metacarpals Tarsals Metatarsals Encourage students to learn both the common name and scientific name of each bone. Phalanges Phalanges

Classification of bones Bones are divided into a number of different categories. Long bones Long bones have a long shaft and are responsible for a lot of movement and often act as levers. Long bones include the femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, the metatarsals, metacarpals and phalanges. How does this aid sportspeople?

Flat bones Flat bones perform a number of functions. Protection for delicate areas. i.e. the cranium protects the brain. 2. Provides an area for muscle attachment. i.e. muscles in the back attach to the pelvis. They usually have a large surface area. How does this aid sportspeople in an event?

Short bones are very light, small and very strong. The carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the foot are examples of short bones. carpals How does this aid sportspeople in an event?

Irregular bones Irregular bones are specially shaped to perform a particular function. Examples include the patella and the vertebrae.

The vertebral column It is made up of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae. Between each vertebra there is a pad of cartilage which allows movement and prevents friction. The vertebrae protects the spinal cord. The vertebral column is divided into 5 sections. (see diagram)

TASK: From the information we just discussed complete the vertebrae worksheet filling in the missing blanks. Make each section clear and make sure the corresponding box is linked to the correct region (i.e. use colour…)

Task:

Questions: Name the bones of the upper and lower arm? (3) Name the anatomical name for the following bones (5) -Skull -Knee cap -Collar Bone -Shoulder blade -Wrist

BONES TEST – How much have you learnt? 8 3 2 9 4 10 5 1 Label in brackets 1 example of a long, short, flat & irregular bone. 6 11 7 12