1. Skeletal System - Review
Prepare for the Quiz!

2. Review for the Quiz
We will go over several key aspects of the study guide today to prepare for the quiz.
As a reminder, the quiz will be closed notes.
The night before the quiz, have a family member help you go over the study guide and the skeleton diagram.
You will be responsible for knowing the bones listed on the skeleton diagram.
Good luck!

3. Labeled Skeleton
Study the Bones

4. Unlabeled Skeleton
Fill in the Blanks

5. Important Facts about the skeleton
You are born with around 350 bones
Adults have only 206 bones
The four parts of the skeletal system is:
Bones
Joints
Cartilage
Ligaments
Ligaments attach bone to bone
Tendons attach bone to muscle

6. Important Facts about the skeleton
“Skeleton” comes from a Greek word meaning “dried up body”
Bone is actually living tissue
The 5 functions of the skeleton are:
Support
Movement
Protection
Storage of Minerals and Fats
Blood Cell Formation (in the bone marrow)

7. Important Facts about the skeleton
The 2 basic types of bone tissue is:
Compact (dense/hard)
Spongy (full of open areas called pores, lighter, filled with marrow)
The 4 classifications of bones are:
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

8. Important Facts about the skeleton
An embryo’s skeleton is primarily made up of cartilage
As a baby develops, the cartilage begins to turn to bone
Cartilage is commonly found in the bridge of the nose, between joints, parts of the ribs, and outer ears.
A bone fracture is a break in the bone
The two most common fractures are:
Closed (simple)
Open (compound)

9. Important Facts about the skeleton
A dislocation of a joint is a displacement of the bones
It usually takes much longer for a dislocation to heal than a fracture
The skeleton is made up of two divisions:
Axial Skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton

10. Important Facts about the skeleton
The three parts of the Axial Skeleton is:
Skull
Spinal Column (Vertebral Column)
Rib Cage (Bony Thorax)
The skull has 2 sets of bones. They are the:
Cranium
Facial Bones
The job of the cranium is to protect the brain

11. Important Facts about the skeleton
The mandible is the lower jaw and is the only fully movable joint in the skull
The paranasal sinuses lightens the weight of the skull and gives resonance and amplification to the voice
A baby’s skull contains fontanelles which are fibrous membranes that connect the cranial bones. These fuse and turn into bone by the time a baby is 24 months old.

12. Important Facts about the skeleton
The job of the middle ear bones is to transmit vibrations
There are three middle ear bones. They are:
Hammer (Malleus)
Anvil (Incus)
Stirrup (Stapes)
The Stirrup is the smallest bone in the human body
The common name for the Vertebral Column is the Spinal Column or Backbone

13. Important Facts about the skeleton
The vertebral column or spine contains 26 bones called the vertebrae
The coccyx is also called the tailbone
The bony thorax is located at the chest area and is also called the rib cage
The job of the bony thorax is to protect the major organs
The bony thorax contains the following bones:
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic Vertebrae

14. Important Facts about the skeleton
The sternum is also called the breastbone
We have 12 pairs of ribs
7 pairs are the true ribs
5 pairs are the false ribs
There are three parts to the Appendicular Skeleton. They are:
Limbs (Arms & Legs)
Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle
Pelvic Girdle

15. Important Facts about the skeleton
The job of the Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle is to allow the upper limbs (arms) to have exceptional movement.
The Shoulder (Pectoral) Girdle is composed of 2 bones:
Clavicle (Collar Bone)
Scapula (Shoulder Blade)
The long bone in the upper arm is the Humerus

16. Important Facts about the skeleton
The forearm has two bones:
Radius (on the thumb side of the arm)
Ulna (on the pinky side of the arm)
The Ulna is longer than the Radius
The hand is made up of three bone sets. They are:
Carpals (Wrist)
Metacarpals (Palm)
Phalanges (Fingers)

17. Important Facts about the skeleton
The two jobs of the Pelvic Girdle is:
Support the weight of the upper body
Protect organs such as the
Reproductive organs
Urinary bladder
Part of the large intestine
The thigh contains a bone called the Femur. It is the longest and strongest bone in the body.

18. Important Facts about the skeleton
The Patella is also known as the kneecap
There are two bones in the lower leg. They are:
Tibia (Shin Bone). It is larger than the fibula
Fibula (Calf Bone). The fibula is long and thin
The foot is made up of 3 sets of bones. They are:
Tarsals (Ankle)
Metatarsals (Instep)
Phalanges (Toes)