HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEMS

STANDARD-IHS-3 a. Explain systems theory. HS-IHS-3: The student will analyze healthcare delivery system models and the role of health professionals within each given model. a. Explain systems theory. c. Analyze current trends in delivery systems. d. Define, compare and contrast services performed in healthcare delivery systems to ensure the delivery of quality healthcare.

HOW WILL I KNOW I HAVE LEARNED THIS INFORMATION? TAKE NOTES ON POWER POINT COMPLETE WORKSHEETS FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS TEST

WHAT IS A SYSTEM? System (from Latin systēma, in turn from Greek '''' systēma) is a set of interacting or interdependent entities forming an integrated whole. Organization of functionally interactive units for the achievement of a common goal.

HEALTHCARE: Is it a system??

Interesting Facts Healthcare About Healthcare It is one of the largest and fastest growing industries In the United States The field employs over 9.8 million workers in over 200 different careers It is a two billion dollar a day industry

HEALTHCARE FACILITIES PLACES THAT PROVIDE HEALTHCARE Many different kinds of facilities & services Can be private or public Can be non-profit of for profit All have specific accountability and standards

HOSPITALS The largest systems in healthcare EMORY GRADY PIEDMONT KENNESTONE NORTHSIDE SOUTH COBB NORTH FULTON

How do hospitals support themselves? Private – owned by individuals or corporations Collect patient fees Insurance payments Donations Grants Can be for profit or non-profit Public/Government –owned by government Patient Fees Insurance payments Taxes/government funding

GENERAL HOSPITALS Diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions Educate patients Some train medical students and new doctors Some perform research Can be private or public Can be profit or non-profit EXAMPLES: Kennestone,Emory, Piedmont, and Northside Hospitals

SPECALTY HOSPITALS Diagnose and treat only special conditions or age groups Educate patients Some train medical students and new doctors Some perform research Can be private or public/ profit or non-profit Non-profit hospitals are supported by patient fees and donations ________________________________ Examples: Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta St. Judes Hospital Cancer Centers of America

What kind of hospital would treat only children iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) specialty hospital B.) general hospital C.) D.) E.)

Long-term Care Facilities (LTCs) Provide assistance and care for those with disabilities or those with chronic (long-term) illnesses Prepare residents or patients to return to the home environment or to another LTC Some LTCs are called nursing homes, extended care facilities or skilled care facilities. Provide physical and emotional care to individuals who can’t care for themselves.

Assisted Living Facility Rents or sells apartments to individuals who can take care of themselves but need services such as • meals, • housekeeping, • laundry, • transportation, • social events, or • very basic medical care (such as assisting with medications). Most are associated with nursing homes, allowing residents to move from one level of care to the next when health needs change.

Medical Offices Range from offices that are privately owned by one doctor to large complexes that employ many doctors and healthcare professionals. Services: Diagnosis, treatment, examinations, basic lab tests, minor surgery Some treat a wide variety of illnesses and ages, while others specialize

Dental Offices Vary in size from offices that are privately owned by one or more dentists to dental clinics that employ a number of dentists. May be located in major retail centers May be located in dental schools Some provide general dental care to all age groups. Others specialize in treating specific age groups or specific dental conditions.

Clinics Some are composed of a group of doctors who share the facility and the personnel (staff or employees). For example, a general dentist may share a clinic facility and clinic staff with an oral surgeon and an endodontist. Some clinics are operated by private groups who provide specialized care. For example: Surgical clinics, urgent care clinics Many hospitals operate clinics for outpatients (patients who are not admitted to the hospital) Government health departments offer clinics for immunizations or treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

Medical, dental, out patient and surgical are examples of clinics iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) True B.) False C.) D.) E.)

Optical Centers Provide vision examinations Prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses Check for the presence of eye diseases

Emergency Care Services Provide care for victims of accidents or sudden illness Includes: Ambulances Rescue squads Emergency care clinics and centers Emergency rooms operated by hospitals Helicopter or airplane emergency services

Medical Laboratories Can operate as part of another healthcare facility or can be a stand-alone facility Perform diagnostic tests on blood, urine, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, and other bodily fluids or body parts.

Dental Laboratories Prepare dentures (false teeth) and dental appliances to repair or replace teeth.

Home Health Care Agencies Provide care in a patient’s home, including: Nursing care Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Respiratory Therapy Homemaking (food preparation, cleaning) Personal care (dressing, toileting, feeding)

Hospices Provide care for terminally ill patients with life expectancies of 6 months or less Need doctor’s order to be admitted Care can be provided in patient’s home or in a hospice facility Care is directed toward allowing the person to die with dignity and in comfort. Psychological, spiritual, social, and financial counseling are provided for both the patient and the family.

Mental Health Facilities Treat patients with mental disorders and diseases. Examples include: Counseling Centers Psychiatric hospitals and clinics Substance abuse treatment centers (dealing with alcohol and drug abuse) Physical abuse treatment centers (dealing with child abuse, spousal abuse)

Genetic Counseling Centers Perform prenatal screening tests and check for genetic (inherited) abnormalities Identify medical options when a birth defect is present Help individuals cope with the psychological issues caused by a genetic disorder Counsel couples prior to pregnancy when a woman is in her late childbearing years, has a family history of genetic disease, or is of a specific race or nationality with a high risk of a genetic disease, e.g., African Americans have a higher rate of sickle cell anemia; Ashkenazi Jews have a higher rate of Tay-Sachs disease

Rehabilitation Facilities Help patients with physical or mental disabilities learn to care for and function for themselves as much as possible. Services may include: Physical therapy Occupational therapy Recreational therapy Speech therapy

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) Emphasize preventive health care Services include examinations, diagnostic tests, health education, hospitalization We will talk more about HMOs when we cover our unit on health insurance.

Industrial Health Care Centers or Occupational Health Clinics Found in large companies or industries Provide healthcare for employees of the company (and sometimes, the employees’ family members) Teach accident prevention and safety Provide emergency care

School Health Services Found in schools and colleges Provide emergency care for victims of accidents and sudden illnesses Perform screening tests for speech, vision, and hearing Promote health education Maintain a safe and sanitary school environment Some also provide counseling, especially at the college level

Government Agencies Offer health services at the international, national, state, and local levels. Examples: World Health Organization (WHO) is an international agency sponsored by the United Nations. WHO compiles statistics and information on diseases, publishes health information, and investigates serious health problems around the world. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is part of the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. CDC deals with causes, spread, and control of diseases in populations. Its headquarters are in Atlanta. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a federal agency responsible for regulating food and drugs sold to the public.

A. Voluntary or Non-profit Agencies B. Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and grants. C. Examples include American Heart Association, Red Cross, March of Dimes, American Cancer Society, and many more. D. Focus on one specific disease or group of diseases. E. Provide funding to encourage research directed at curing or treating the disease. Promote public education about the disease. Provide special services to victims of the disease, such as purchasing special medical equipment or supplies.

Is Healthcare a System? A.) No B.) Yes C.) D.) E.) iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) No B.) Yes C.) D.) E.)

Healthcare employs over 9 Healthcare employs over 9.8 million workers & is a 2 billion dollar a day industry iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) True B.) False C.) D.) E.)

Kennestone Hospital is not an example of a general hospital iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) True B.) False C.) D.) E.)

How do Private Hospitals support themselves? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) Taxes B.) Patient fees C.) Donations & grants D.) B & C E.)