Nationalism in Europe How does Nationalism both break up lead to the decline of European empires? Russia Ottoman Empire Austria- Hungary

1830: Louis-Philippe now King of the French Rules for 18 years but French people are tired of a monarchy (again!) and violence erupts (again!) Radicals create another constitution, which has president sharing power w/ the assembly. Monarchy abolished (again) Radicals in France 1848: French people elect Louis-Napoleon (Napoleon’s nephew) as their president, 4 yrs later become Emperor Emp. Napoleon III industrializes France and creates jobs Involved in two wars, helps Italians defeat Austria but loses to Prussia

What is Nationalism? Culture – shared way of life Nationalism says people should unite based on their language, nationality or culture Pos –overthrow absolute rule Neg –extreme nationalism leads to war Culture – shared way of life History -a common past Nationality – shared ethnic ancestry Language-shared communication Nation Territory – land belongs to group Religion- shared by most

Language Fuels Nationalism DBQ & Map Answer the following in comp. sentences Name the four language families in Europe. Where in Europe do you primarily find those families (North, South, East, West, Central)? What family does English belong to? Does Eastern or Western Europe have more languages? Name five languages in that area. What part of Europe that is not yet a country could be unified by language? (Discuss two)

Nationalist Thought Political thought in 1800s Europe: 1) Conservatives – no change, no voting, absolute monarchs rule (nobles, landowners) 2) Liberals – some change, educated vote, more power for Parliaments (middle class, merchants) 3) Radicals – drastic change, all people should vote, government should be full democracy (poor, workers) Liberals & Radicals are Nationalists who think loyalty should be to a your nation, not a king (esp. foreign king) 1827, 1848: Nationalist Revolutions breakout in Europe

Nationalism Weakens Conservative Rule 1)Ottoman Empire ruled by Muslim Turks Ottoman Turks controlled Greeks, Arabs, Armenians, & Slavic speaking Balkans Revolutions in Greece (1827)& Balkans (1860s) LOSS 1827 Britain, France, Russia help Greeks win. Ottomans forced to grant equal citizenship to all 2) Russian Empire ruled by the Romanovs Czar Nicholas I begins Russification, which forced Russian culture/language on other ethnic groups in the Empire Nationalist revolution starts in Poland in 1830, Nicholas I tries to further expand Empire in Crimean War (1853) & loses Alexander II emancipates peasants but is assassinated, Alexander III strengthens absolutism – more nationalist revolts

1848 1866 1866 3) Austrian Empire ruled by the Hapsburgs The Austrians controlled twelve different ethnic groups 1848: Revolutions begin to breakout in the empire starting with the Czechs, Emperor Franz Joseph crushes Czech revolt 1866: Hungary attempts to split from Austria. Hungary is given equal status, the Empire becomes Austria-Hungary 1866: Tensions builds with Prussia over Austrian dominated North German states Discuss: Why would Prussia be upset with Austria? 1848 1866 1866