Q: How do you perceive yourself? Me/I (Individual person with personal goals, rights, interests, and desires) A member of a group

Are you proud of PSY. http://www. youtube. com/watch

Q: What are the principal characteristics of individualistic and collectivistic cultures?

The United States and Western Europe China, Korea, and Japan Emphasize personal achievement at the expense of group goals Emphasize family and work group goals. A strong sense of competition and susceptible to loneliness A strong fear of rejection. ,

3:00 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwR0KXeJrYo&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJ8suL6gb8E&feature=related

Solidarity & Conformity

Q: Is loss of face not just a personal embarrassment but a disruption of the social harmony in Korean culture?

www.youtube.com/watch?v=jgY1TnuYqx8&feature=related collective responsibility (guilt)

Q: Which of the followings can you observe in the individualistic cultures? Self-reliance Interlocking social relationship Self-expression Competition between groups Independence at a young age Plagiarism Being overly interdependent means ‘weak’ Reciprocal obligation/responsibility Interdependence Critical thinking Personal achievement /satisfaction Respect for authority/ hierarchical roles Group consensus Individual growth Face

Self-reliance Individual growth Personal achievement /satisfaction Self-expression Critical thinking Independence at a young age plagiarism being overly interdependent means ‘weak’ Competition between individuals Interlocking social relationship Reciprocal obligation/responsibility Interdependence Competition between groups Respect for authority/ hierarchical roles Group consensus face

week 6

Q: Is Korean culture close to Polychronic or Monochronic Time culture (Hall 1983)?

How would you feel? Your doctor is talking on the phone while examining you. Your student visits you without an appointment. Your boss invites you to a department get-together tonight, but you already have plans. Your friend always shows up late. You are on the way to the place where you’re supposed to meet your friend and she/he cancels it at the last minute. You and your friend made plans for the weekend, and he/she didn’t set the exact time. You are in the middle of the conversation with your boss, but you might be late for a doctor’s appointment.

Polychronic or Monochronic Time culture (p. 57) http://www. youtube

“People from individualistic cultures are more likely than those from collectivistic culture to use confrontational strategies when dealing with interpersonal problems; those with a collectivist orientation are likely to use avoidance, third party intermediaries or other face-saving techniques” (Lustig & Koester, 1993 p.147)

Positive face Politeness Theory (Brown and Levinson 1978) One's self-esteem Desires to be liked, admired One would threaten positive face by ignoring someone Negative face One's freedom to act Desire not to be imposed upon Negative face could be impinged upon by imposing on someone Brown, P. & Levinson, S. (1987) Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Positive politeness That’s a nice haircut you got; where did you get it? You look sad. Can I do anything? Negative politeness I’m sorry; it’s a lot to ask, but can you lend me a thousand dollars? We regret to inform you that… Spitting will not be tolerated. Would you know where Oxford Street is?

Facework The particular communication behaviors that speakers use to save their own or their listeners’ face (Goffman, 1959,1972) In Korea, communicative exchanges are governed by the principle of nunch’i (ability to decipher and interpret the insinuated or implied nuances of social interactions)

Q: What is ethnocentrism? (p.63)

Country stereotypes http://news. naver. com/main/read. nhn Country stereotypes http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=104&oid=105&aid=0000014345 Find Korea http://www.sporcle.com/games/cysion/countries_by_stereotype Slanted eyes http://blog.angryasianman.com/2010/02/maybellines-stupid-asian-eyes.html

Q: What is stereotypes? (p.64) Q: Any examples of negative stereotypes that may hinder effective communicative interactions between people of different backgrounds?

Q: What is attribution? Share your experience(p.66)

Q: Pragmatic awareness is regarded as one of the most challenging aspects of language learning, and comes through experience. Do you think it can be taught in class?(p.69)

Q: Explain high-context vs. low-context communication (Hall 1976) (pp

Cultural competence An ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures. 1. Awareness of one's own cultural worldview 2. Attitude towards cultural differences 3. Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews 4. Cross-cultural skills

Communicative competence (Canale & Swain 1980) Grammatical competence: words and rules Sociolinguistic competence: appropriateness Strategic competence: appropriate use of communication strategies Discourse competence: how to construct and interpret the larger context and longer stretches of language